论马克思法哲学的基础

On the Foundation of Marx's Philosophy of Right

长期以来流传甚广但迄今为止尚未解决的一道难题是对马克思法哲学基础的原则性错解。这一错解不仅在理论上造成了对马克思重要经典思想的错解,而且在实践中对我国社会主义法制建设产生了诸多不利的影响。这一误解认为马克思把法和法律看成是统治阶级意志的产物。这一误解会给人一种错觉,以为法制不过是权力和意志的附庸、工具和手段。然而马克思认为,无论是主张法律是权力的表现还是认为法律是意志的表现都是错误的;本质上,法律既与权力无关也与意志无关,而只与生产力和生产的经济条件有关。经济条件与生产力构成一种可以用自然科学精确性指明的平衡关系,而法和法律与生产力和经济条件在此平衡的基础上构成一种不平衡关系。政制的特点表现为强力和及时,法制则具有长效和稳定的特点。社会主义国家比资本主义国家有更长远的规划,因此比资本主义国家更需要建立健全法制建设,习近平总书记关于全过程人民民主的重要论述对此有重要的指导作用。

A long-standing and widely circulated problem that has yet to be solved is that a principled misunderstanding of the foundation of Marx's philosophy of right.This misunderstanding not only caused a theoretical misunderstanding of Marx's important classic ideas,but also had many adverse effects on China's socialist legal system construction in practice.This misunderstanding is that Marx regarded right and law as products of the will of the ruling class.This misunderstanding can give people the illusion that the legal of system is nothing more than a vassal,tool and means of power and will..However,Marx believed that whether law is a manifestation of power or law is a manifestation of will,it is wrong.Essentially,law is not related to power or will,but only to productive forces and economic conditions of production.Economic conditions and productivity constitute a balance relationship that can be precisely indicated by natural science,while right and law have an unbalanced relationship between productivity and economic conditions based on this balance.The political system is characterized by strength and timeliness,while the legal system is characterized by long-term effectiveness and stability.A socialist country with a longer-term plan needs to establish a sound legal system more than capitalist countries,so Xi's idea of"full process democracy"plays an important guiding role in this regard.