晶粒对多晶材料超精密切削影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Influence of Crystalline Grain in Ultra-precision Cutting of Polycrystalline Material

多晶材料是一类广泛应用于超精密切削加工的工件材料。在超精密切削中,每转进给量、切削深度等工艺参数与多晶材料的平均晶粒尺寸接近,而不同晶粒之间的力学性能存在显著差异,因此晶粒对超精密切削加工过程有重要影响,甚至成为影响多晶材料超精密切削表面加工质量的关键因素。围绕该问题,针对多晶材料超精密切削加工中晶粒的影响进行综述。首先评述了晶粒对表面粗糙度影响的研究进展,重点介绍了晶界台阶现象及其影响因素;其次评述了晶粒对切削力影响的研究进展,分析了几种考虑晶粒影响的切削力模型;最后总结了超精密切削中控制晶粒影响的方法,并简要分析了相关领域的发展趋势。上述研究进展对提高多晶材料超精密切削的加工质量具有参考意义。

Polycrystalline materials are extensively applied in ultra-precision cutting.In ultra-precision cutting,the processing parameters,e.g.,feed rate per revolution and cutting depth,approaches to the average grain size of work material.There are significant mechanical variations between different crystalline grains.Hence,the crystalline grain has great impact on ultra-precision cutting process.It has become the critical influencing factor of surface quality of polycrystalline materials.Around this issue,the influence of crystalline grain in ultra-precision cutting process is reviewed.First,the influence of crystalline grain on surface roughness is reviewed.The grain step phenomenon and its influencing factors are emphasized.Second,the influence of crystalline grain on cutting force is reviewed,and some cutting force models considering the influence of crystalline grain are introduced.Finally,the processing technologies to control the influence of crystalline grain in ultra-precision cutting are introduced.The development trend in the corresponding fields is analyzed.The above research progress is of great importance to improve the surface finish of polycrystalline materials in ultra-precision cutting.