基于红外相机的黔金丝猴及其同域分布物种种间关联

Interspecific associations between Rhinopithecus brelichi and its sympatric species using infrared cameras

种间关系是群落生态学研究的核心内容之一,是研究物种演化和物种多样性保护的关键。掌握黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus brelichi)与其所在群落物种的种间生态学关系对黔金丝猴的综合保护具有重要指导意义。本研究基于2017–2022年在梵净山国家级自然保护区开展的红外相机监测数据,运用空间关联方法构建黔金丝猴地栖鸟兽关联网络,探讨了黔金丝猴在群落中的生态学作用及其保护问题。结果表明:(1)黔金丝猴与藏酋猴(Macacathibetana)、红腹角雉(Tragopantemminckii)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)、食蟹獴(Herpestes urva)、马来豪猪(Hystrix brachyura)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、勺鸡(Pucrasiamacrolopha)和小麂(Muntiacusreevesi)存在空间关联,其所处群落的物种组成与川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)较为相似。(2)梵净山国家级自然保护区没有捕食黔金丝猴的地栖性天敌。(3)黔金丝猴与中华鬣羚、食蟹獴、马来豪猪、野猪、小麂和勺鸡存在竞争生态学关系,这些物种种群的过度增长可能会排挤黔金丝猴的生存空间,抑制黔金丝猴种群的增长。(4)黔金丝猴能够从藏酋猴和红腹角雉的存在中获利,对二者的有效保护在一定程度上有助于黔金丝猴的生存。(5)对黔金丝猴的有效保护有助于猪獾和红腹角雉的生存,也更有利于维持群落的稳定。本研究从空间角度初步探讨了黔金丝猴的种间生态学关系,研究发现,黔金丝猴不仅从群落中获益,也具有维持群落稳定的重要作用。在未来的保护和管理中,加强对黔金丝猴的单物种保护措施的同时,应强化多物种的综合平衡保护措施。

Aims:Interspecific relationships is one of the core topics in community ecology researches,and it is vital for understanding the species evolution and for developing effective conservation policies.In order to comprehensively protect the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus brelichi),it is extremely important to understand its interspecific relationships with other species in its community.Methods:Using infrared camera monitoring data from the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve from 2017 to 2022,this study used the spatial correlation method to construct an association network between R.brelichi and terrestrial birds and mammals.From this,we discuss the ecological function of R.brelichi in the community with implications for its protection.Results:The results showed that:(1)Rhinopithecus brelichi was spatially associated with the Tibetan macaque(Macaca thibetana),Temmick’s tragopan(Tragopan temminckii),Chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii),crab-eating mongoose(Herpestes urva),Himalayan porcupine(Hystrix brachyura),greater hog badger(Arctonyx collaris),wild boar(Sus scrofa),koklass pheasant(Pucrasia macrolopha)and Chinese muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi).Overall,the species composition of the communities in which R.brelichi was found was relatively similar to that of the golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana).(2)There were no terrestrial predators of R.brelichi in the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve.(3)Rhinopithecus brelichi was ecologically in competition with Capricornis milneedwardsii,Herpestes urva,Hystrix brachyura,Sus scrofa,Muntiacus reevesi and Pucrasia macrolopha,so excessive population growth of these species may crowd R.brelichi and inhibit its population growth.(4)Rhinopithecus brelichi can benefit from coexisting with Macaca thibetana and Tragopan temminckii,so conservation efforts aimed at protecting these species will also be beneficial for R.brelichi.(5)Effective protection of R.brelichi will also benefit Arctonyx collaris and Tragopan temminckii,so its conservation will stabilize the ecological community.Conclusion:This preliminary study explores the interspecific ecological relationships of R.brelichi with sympatric species.The findings indicate that not only does R.brelichi benefit from the other species in its community,but it also serves an ecological function that benefits the rest of the community.We strongly recommend that a comprehensive and balanced multi-species conservation strategy,as an effective supplement to the protection for R.brelichi,should be implemented and enhanced in the long-term biodiversity conservation and management in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve.