山东省沿黄河县域生态状况评价

Evaluation of Ecological Situation of Counties Along the Yellow River in Shandong Province

基于多源卫星遥感数据、环境和水利统计数据,分别对2015—2023年山东沿黄河县域的生境质量、植被覆盖、土地胁迫和污染负荷状况展开分析。结果表明:山东沿黄县域生境质量指数整体稳定,在空间上呈现出流域“中间高两端低”的特征;植被覆盖指数地区差异明显,呈现内陆高、渤海沿岸低的分布特征。2015年以来,植被覆盖指数整体呈波动上升趋势,植被覆盖状况整体改善;大部分区域的土地胁迫程度较轻,土地胁迫现象较明显的区域主要分布于流域中间段的经济较发达地区;2015年以来,污染物排放量明显下降,污染负荷指数呈下降趋势。综合各项生态评估结果,2015—2023年,山东沿黄县域生态环境整体向好发展,但仍存在一些生态问题,应采取相应的环境治理与保护措施。

The article analyzes habitat quality,vegetation coverage,land stress,and pollution load in the Yellow River Basin in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2023,based on various satellite remote sensing data.The results indicate that the overall habitat quality in the Yellow River region of Shandong is stable,showing a spatial pattern of high in the middle and low at both ends of the basin.There are significant regional differences in vegetation coverage index,showing a distribution pattern of high inland and low coastal areas in the Bohai Sea.Over the past eight years,the overall vegetation coverage index has shown a fluctuating upward trend,and the overall vegetation coverage situation has improved.In the majority of areas,land stress is relatively mild;However,the most pronounced land stress is typically seen in economically developed regions in the middle of the basin.Over the past eight years,the amount of pollutants emitted has significantly decreased,and the pollution load index has shown a decreasing trend.Based on the results of various ecological assessments,from 2015 to 2023,the overall ecological environment in the Yellow River region of Shandong Province improved,but some ecological problems still exist,and the corresponding ecological governance and protection measures should be taken.