同案同判的法律一般性根基

The Generality of Law as the Root of“Treating Like Cases Alike”

法律一般性是指法律规定行为的一般类型及其处理方式,并普遍适用于其管辖范围内的人群。在理想状态下,同案同判是法律一般性经由司法裁判的逻辑结果。而在实践中,面对必然存在的障碍,同案同判无法总是成为逻辑结果,相反,需要将同案同判变为司法要求,以形成一致性判决,进而实现法律一般性。在以成文法为主的国家,同案同判的制度化可以进一步推进疑难案件的司法裁判一致性,这种制度化不是对依法裁判可有可无的补充。同案同判有其独立于依法裁判的价值,错误判例获得遵循充分表明了这一点,同案同判的价值基础最终还是回归了法律一般性。

The generality of law refers to the general type of conduct prescribed by law and its treatment,and general application of law to the population within its jurisdiction.In the ideal state,“treating like cases alike”is the logical result of the generality of law through adjudication according to law.In practice,in the face of inevitable obstacles,“treating like cases alike”cannot always become a logical result.On the contrary,in order to achieve the generality of law,it is necessary to turn“treating like cases alike”into a judicial requirement to form a consistent judgment.In the countries dominated by written law,the institutionalization of“treating like cases alike”can further promote the consistency of judicial judgment in difficult cases.This institutionalization is not a dispensable supplement to the adjudication in accordance with law.The value of“treating like cases alike”is independent of adjudication in accordance with law,which is fully demonstrated by the following of wrong cases,and its value basis is finally based on the generality of law.