乡城学生流动对农村家庭劳动供给决策的影响

The Impact of Rural-to-Urban Student Mobility on Labor Supply Decisions in Rural Households

基于中国追踪调查三期面板数据,选用固定效应面板模型和工具变量模型实证检验乡城学生流动对农村家庭劳动供给决策的影响。研究发现:(1)乡城学生流动导致农村家庭的有酬劳动参与率下降7.75%,并未显著影响有酬劳动时间,并导致非农劳动参与率提升11.28%。(2)机制分析表明,上述结果是由农村家庭内部的劳动分工调整产生的,市场劳动主要承担者倾向于增加有酬劳动时间,家庭劳动主要承担者则倾向于退出市场部门劳动或以陪读为目的进入城市地区参与非农劳动。(3)在不同就读阶段、流动范围和代际结构情境下,乡城学生流动对农村家庭劳动供给决策产生了差异化影响。基于此,从农业转移人口教育成本分摊、农村陪读家长就业扶持、不同情境的差异化帮扶三个角度提出针对性的政策建议。

Using three waves of panel data from the China Family Panel Studies,this study empiri-cally tests the impact of rural-urban student mobility on labor supply decisions in rural households using time fixed effects panel model and instrumental variable model.The research finds that:1)Rural-urban student mobility leads to a 7.75%decrease in the participation in paid labor among rural households,with no significant impact on time spent in paid labor,and results in an 11.28%increase in participation in non-agricultural labor.2)Mechanism analysis shows that these results are due to adjustments in labor division within rural households,where the primary market labor contributors tend to increase their time in paid la-bor,while those mainly responsible for household labor tend to exit market sector labor or engage in non-agricultural labor in urban areas for the purpose of accompanying their children in education.3)The im-pact of rural-urban student mobility on labor supply decisions varies across different stages of schooling,ranges of mobility,and generational structures.Based on these findings,targeted policy recommendations are proposed from three perspectives:sharing the educational costs of rural-urban migrant students,sup-porting employment for rural parents accompanying their children,and providing differentiated assistance in various contexts.