“局内人”:英国记者乔治·何克的新闻观与在华新闻实践

An“Insider”:British Journalist George Hogg’s News Outlook and Journalist Practice in China

在功能主义叙事下,抗战时期的在华记者往往被视为受到国家利益支配的工具,其参与话语建构的能动性时常被忽略。在客观环境和文化隔阂的限制下,战时新闻报道难以达到新闻的“整体真实”。作为在空间网络、社会规范、社会结构三重视角下战时中国的“局外人”,英国记者乔治·何克一方面冲破了多数在华记者的既定行为规范,以最大限度接近整体真实为目标,在观察和反思中逐渐形成独立的新闻观念和总体判断;另一方面弱化自身与中国平民之间的不同,通过调研基层社会这一更符合中国国情的新闻实践方式赢得了中国人民的信任,在走访和调研中深度反映底层叙事和事实真相。这种“局内人”新闻观与新闻实践模式,与何克本人主动参与历史话语建构的内驱力密不可分,也与延安时期中国共产党对外宣传交往的积极导向密切相关,它有效促进了国际社会对中国工合运动的理解支持,历史证明是符合当时中国实际的,更是有利于中国抗战胜利和社会团结的。

Under the functionalist narrative,foreign journalists in China during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression were often perceived as tools driven by national interests,and their agency in discourse construction were frequently overlooked.Hindered by objective environment and cultural estrangement,it was hard for wartime news to achieve“holistic authenticity”.However,as an“outsider”of wartime China in terms of spatial network,social norm and social structure,British journalist George Hogg,on the one hand,broke through the established behavioral norms of most foreign journalists in China,striving to approach the maximum holistic authenticity gradually with independent journalistic views and overall judgments through observation and reflection.On the other hand,by reducing the differences between himself and Chinese civilians and conducting research in grassroots communities epitomizing China’s realities,he earned the trust of the people and illustrated the in-depth grassroots narration and truth.This“insider”news perspective and practice mode attributed to Hogg’s internal drive to actively engage in historical discourse construction as well as the publicity and exchanges of the CPC during the Yan’an period.His practice,which effectively fostered international understanding and support for the Chinese Industrial Co-operative movement,proved to be consistent with the realities of China at the time and conducive to the victory of the war and social solidarity.