社区为本的生育支持服务体系:实践基础与建构路径

Community-based Fertility Support Service System:Practical Basis and Construction Path

中国已经进入人口负增长时代,建立更加完善的生育支持服务体系以提振居民生育意愿和提升居民生育水平成为促进我国人口均衡可持续发展的迫切任务。社区作为离居民生活最近的外部现实场域,其环境设施、托育服务、学校资源等公共服务对居民生育意愿具有重要的现实影响。研究发现:社区环境设施对居民生育意愿具有直接的挤出效应,但也会通过提升居民幸福感而对居民生育意愿产生间接的挤入效应;社区托育服务对居民生育意愿具有直接和间接的双重正向支持效应;社区学校资源对居民生育意愿的影响不显著,凸显社区公共服务作用的类型差异性。社区环境设施和社区托育服务对居民生育意愿的影响效应都沿代际结构演变而呈现起伏性。社区公共服务对居民生育意愿影响效应的显著性、方向性、程度性、代际性为建构社区为本的生育支持服务体系提供了坚实的实践基础。因此,需要从服务内容扩维、治理机制分类、幸福社区建设等方面进行综合考虑,全面推进社区生育支持服务体系建设,以促进我国人口均衡发展。

China's population has entered an era of negative growth,and establishing a more comprehensive maternity support policy system to enhance residents'willingness and level of fertility has become an urgent task to promote balanced and sustainable population development in China.As the closest real-life field to residents,community environmental facilities,community childcare services,community school resources,and other public services have an important practical impact on the fertility willingness of residents.Community environmental facilities have a direct crowding effect on residents'fertility intention.Still,they also have an indirect crowding in effect on residents'fertility intention by enhancing their sense of happiness,which offsets most of the direct crowding out effect.Community childcare services have both direct and indirect positive support effects on residents'willingness to have children.The impact of community school resources on residents'fertility intention is not significant,highlighting the type differences in the role of community public services.At the same time,the impact of community environmental facilities and community childcare services on residents'fertility wllingness shows fluctuations along the evolution of intergenerational structure.Therefore,the significance,direction,degree,and intergenerational nature of community public service effects provide a solid practical foundation for constructing a community-based reproductive support service system.It is necessary to comprehensively consider the expansion of the content system,classification and govermance mechanisms,and the construction of happy communities.To promote the balanced development of China's population,we need to advance the construction of a community fertility support service system.