菜豆田春季常见杂草除草剂筛选及安全性评价

Screening and Safety Evaluation of Herbicides for Common Spring Weeds in Common Bean Field

为明确对菜豆安全且对常见苗前杂草防效较好的除草剂,采用室内盆栽试验和田间试验相结合的方法,对17种除草剂进行筛选。盆栽试验结果表明,二甲戊灵、扑草净、精异丙甲草胺对苗期菜豆具有较好的安全性。田间试验发现,药后30 d,45%精异丙甲草胺微囊悬浮剂(CS)135~215 g·(667 m^(2))^(-1)对菜田杂草具有较好的防治效果,总株数防效为77.52%~78.58%,鲜质量防效为88.21%~88.92%,且对菜豆有较好的安全性,菜豆增产11.61%~20.51%。说明45%精异丙甲草胺CS可作为菜豆播后芽前常见杂草防治药剂,具有较好的应用前景。

In order to clarify the herbicides that are safe to common beans and have good control effect on common pre-emergence weeds,17 herbicides were screened by indoor pot experiment and field experiment.The results of pot experiment showed that pendimethalin,prometryn and S-metolachlor had good safety to common beans at seedling stage.The field experiment showed that 45%S-metolachlor microcapsule suspension 2025-3225 g·hm^(-2) had good control effect on weeds in the vegetable field 30 days after application.The total number of plants that had control effect was 77.52%-78.58%,and the fresh weight prevention effect was 88.21%-88.92%.It had good safety to common beans,and the yield of common beans increased by 11.61%-20.51%.It shows that 45%S-metolachlor CS can be used as a herbicide for pre-emergence weeds after common bean sowing,and has a good application prospect.