不同播期对薏苡籽粒中淀粉积累规律、产量及药用品质的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Starch Accumulation,Yield and Medicinal Quality of Coix lacryma-jobi Seeds

为了研究不同播期对薏苡籽粒中淀粉积累规律、产量及药用品质的影响,以确定合理的最佳播种时间。本研究选取‘仁薏1号’为试验材料,设置8个播期,在开花后不同时间段测试总淀粉、支链淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、收获期测定产量、检测成熟籽粒中药用指标成分。结果表明,薏苡籽粒中总淀粉含量随着灌浆时间的延长而增加,成熟期总淀粉含量达到最大值。过早播种会影响籽粒中总淀粉、支链淀粉的积累,过早或过晚播种都会影响籽粒直链淀粉积累。不同播期处理对薏苡药用指标成分和产量产生影响。适时播种,籽粒中的药用品质成分(浸出物,三油酸甘油酯)含量和亩产量都较高,过早或过晚播种都会使药用成分和产量降低。因此,根据贵州气候特点和春耕时间,结合籽粒中的营养品质、药用品质和产量综合分析,贵州薏苡最佳播种时间应为3月下旬至4月上旬。

In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on starch accumulation,yield and medicinal quality of Coix seeds,and to determine the optimal sowing time.In this study,'Renyi No.I'was selected as the experimental material,and 8 sowing dates were set,the contents of total starch,amylopectin and amylose were tested at different time periods after flowering,the yield was measured at harvest,and the medicinal index components in mature seeds were detected.The results showed that the total starch content in Coix lachryma-jobi seeds increased with the increase of filling time,and the total starch content was the maximum at maturity.Sowing too early will affect the accumulation of total starch and amylopectin in grains,and sowing too early or too late will affect the accumulation of amylose in grains.Different sowing date treatments have an impact on the medicinal index components and yield of Coix.When sown in time,the content of medicinal quality components(extracts,triglycerides)in the seeds and the yield per mu are high.Sowing too early or too late will reduce the medicinal components and yield.Therefore,according to the climate characteristics and spring plowing time of Guizhou,combined with the comprehensive analysis of the nutritional quality,medicinal quality and yield in the grain,the best sowing time of Coix in Guizhou should be from late March to early April.