基于生态保护红线的生态安全格局构建与国土空间修复分区

Construction of ecological security pattern and land-space restoration zoning based on ecological protection red line

国土空间生态修复分区有助于针对生态服务、农业生产、居民生活等功能分类施策,具有提高生境质量、保障区域生态安全、促进区域可持续发展的重要作用。该研究以福建省三明市为研究区,采用生态保护红线划定方法全域识别生态源地,构建生态源地扩展阻力评价体系,采用最小累积阻力模型判别生态廊道和生态节点,提取生态断裂点,从而构建三明市生态安全格局。根据生态安全等级划分和“三生空间”范围界定,进行生态修复分区,并提出针对性生态修复和保护建议。研究结果:1)三明市生态源地共有34处,面积2185.44 km^(2),约占三明市国土面积9.5%,围绕中部盆地分布于周边丘陵山地,北部为密集区。2)判别重要生态廊道和一般生态廊道分别为12和70条,提取重要生态节点和一般生态节点分别为30和47个,提取生态断裂点66个。三明市生态安全格局完整,生态安全水平总体较高,但南部地区廊道稀疏却断裂点密集,网络连通性较低。3)划分生态安全等级、叠加“三生空间”范围,将三明市划分成核心重点区(16.13%)、监测预警区(25.04%)、缓冲过渡区(35.53%)、保育防护区(23.30%)四大类12类生态修复小区。在此基础上,针对不同修复分区提出生态防护建议,以期达到南方丘陵地区维护区域生态安全、实现城市高质量发展的目标。

An environmental strategy has been initiated,called“ecological protection red lines”,in China.The population,resources and environment can be balanced to promote the economic,social and ecological benefits.The ecological restoration zoning of national land space can be implemented to improve the habitat quality,the regional ecological security and the sustainable development.It is very necessary to identify the ecological source areas with the ecological protection red line as the initial scope,in order to build a scientific and reliable ecological security network.The“production-living-ecological”space can be classified into the land-space ecological restoration zoning.Therefore,taking Sanming City of Fujian Province as the research area,this study aims to construct a more scientific and effective technical paradigm of land-space ecological restoration zoning.Firstly,the importance of ecological protection was assessed to verify the boundaries of prohibited development zones and protected areas,according to the importance of ecosystem services and ecological vulnerability.Then the ecological source areas were identified to delimit the ecological protection red line.Secondly,the resistance factors were considered to construct the evaluation system of expanding resistance for the ecological source land.And the minimum cumulative resistance model was used to evaluate the ecological corridors and nodes.The ecological fracture points were then extracted to construct a scientific and reliable pattern of ecological security.Finally,the land-space ecological restoration zoning was carried out,according to the ecological security level and the scope of“production-living-ecological”space.Then the targeted countermeasures were proposed for the ecological restoration and protection.The research results showed that:1)There were 34 ecological sources with an area of 2185.44 km^(2),accounting for about 9.5%of the national territorial area of the City.These ecological sources were evenly distributed in the surrounding hills and mountains around the central basin,which were mainly concentrated in the North of City.2)12 important ecological corridors and 70 general ecological corridors were identified to extract 30 important ecological nodes and 47 general ecological nodes,together with 66 ecological breaking points.There were the full pattern and high level of ecological security in general.However,the corridors in the southern region were sparse with the dense ecological breaking points and low network connectivity.3)The grade of ecological security was divided to superimpose the scope of“production-living-ecological”space.12 types of ecological restoration areas were divided into four categories,including the core key zone(16.13%),monitoring and early warning zone(25.04%),buffer transitional zone(35.53%),and conservation protective zone(23.30%).The ecological protection was proposed for the different restoration zones.As such,the regional ecological security was achieved in the high-quality development of cities in the southern hilly areas.Ecological restoration planning can be expected to effectively construct in the technical paradigm of ecological restoration zoning of land space,The finding can provide the technical reference for the decision-making on the land space and ecological protection in the hilly areas of South China.