浆态床渣油加氢裂化技术特点及其工业应用

CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF SLURRY BED RESIDUE HYDROCRACKING TECHNOLOGY

采用引进工艺技术的国内单体设计规模(3.0 Mt/a)最大的浆态床渣油加氢裂化装置在某公司首次开工,经连续运行期间(177 d)的工艺条件摸索,在实际加工负荷86%条件下开展了装置72 h性能测试。结果表明:装置加工残炭为23.68%、金属(镍+钒)质量分数为138μg/g、硫质量分数为4.82%、C 5沥青质(正戊烷不溶物)质量分数为17.65%的减压渣油与催化裂化油浆混合原料,在新鲜原料油进料量为307.2 t/h、反应器压力为15.7 MPa、平均反应温度为428℃、新鲜原料油与减压分馏塔(简称减压塔)塔底循环油渣的质量比为1.21、混合进料钼质量分数为1650μg/g、持气率为26.0%~27.5%的条件下,渣油转化率为90.0%,产物减压塔塔底油渣中四氢呋喃不溶物质量分数为7%~8%,钼质量分数为2678μg/g,装置能耗为1906.50 MJ/t;减压塔下部填料床层结焦等导致标定期间的总压降为9.53 kPa,是设计值的25.1倍,提高装置负荷困难。可以通过调整减压塔操作及技术改造等方式尝试解决减压塔填料床层压降升高、油渣中蜡油组分拔出不足等问题。

The slurry bed residue hydrocracking unit with the largest single design scale(3.0 Mt/a)using imported process technology in China was first started in a company.After 177 days of continuous operation,the 72 h performance calibration test was carried out under the condition of 86%actual processing load.The results showed that using the mixed feedstock of vacuum residue and catalytic cracking slurry with a carbon residue of 23.68%,a metal(nickel+vanadium)mass fraction of 138μg/g,a sulfur mass fraction of 4.82%,and a C_(5)asphaltene(n-pentane insoluble substance)mass fraction of 17.65%,under the conditions of a feed rate of 307.2 t h,a reactor pressure of 15.7 MPa,an average reaction temperature of 428℃,a mass ratio of fresh raw material oil to circulating residue oil at the bottom of the vacuum column of 1.21,a Mo mass fraction of 1650μg/g and a gas-holding rate of 26.0%to 27.5%,the conversion rate was 90.0%,the mass fraction of tetrahydrofuran insoluble matter at the bottom of the vacuum column was 7%to 8%,the mass fraction of molybdenum was 2678μg/g,and the energy consumption of the unit was 1906.50 MJ/ t.The total pressure drop during the calibration period was 9.53 kPa,which was 25.1 times of the design value,so the unit was difficult to raise the load.To solve the problems of increased pressure drop in the packed bed of the vacuum column and insufficient extraction of gas oil components from the oil residue,the operation of vacuum column could be adjusted and technical transformation of the vacuum column could be tried.