数字环境下欧盟新闻出版者权的立法转化:比较与启示

Comparison and Enlightenment of EU Legislative Transformationof Press Publishers’ Right in Digital Environment

欧盟2019年颁布的《数字单一市场版权指令》第15条为新闻出版者应对数字化冲击配置了一种新型的邻接权。欧盟成员国对该指令具有转化义务,各成员国根据其国内的立法情况对该种权利进行了具有国别特色的转化,按照现有的立法结果可将这些转化归纳为原文复制型和细化创新型两种模式。我国新闻业态发展良好,立法新闻出版者权有助于提高新闻出版者的经济地位和保障其在数字环境下的新闻货币化的变现能力。比较不同模式所对应的不同国家立法转化的内容,包括新闻出版物的认定、新闻出版者权利限制的内容细化以及新闻出版者获酬参考标准等争议问题,可为我国构建新闻出版者权提供参考。

Article 15 of the European Union(EU)’s Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market in 2019 allocates a new type of neighboring right for the press publishers to respond to the impact of digitalization.EU member states have the obligation to transform this directive.Each member state transforms this right with national characteristics according to its domestic legislation.According to the existing legislative results,it can be summarized into two types:original copy type and detailed innovation type.Chinese journalism industry is developing well,legislating the press publishers’right will help improve their economic status and ensure the monetization ability of press publishers in the digital environment.Comparing the contents of legislative transformation in different countries corresponding to different models,including the controversial issues such as the identification of news publications,the refinement of restrictions on press publishers’right,and the reference standards for press publishers’remuneration,can provide inspiration for the construction of press publishers’right in China.