微生物胞外多糖的来源、生物合成及功能研究进展

Research Progress in Source,Biosynthesis and Function of Microbial Exopolysaccharides

胞外多糖是由微生物合成的一种功能多样的聚糖化合物。近年来研究发现,胞外多糖具有吸附性、亲水性、粘结性及免疫活性等特性,在多学科研究中受到广泛关注。目前胞外多糖的生产和提纯过程存在成本高、收率低等问题,阻碍了其规模化生产和商业应用。系统介绍了胞外多糖的微生物来源、生物学特征和生理功能,重点阐述了几种具有工业应用潜力的胞外多糖的生物合成机制,列举了胞外多糖最新的应用方向,并对胞外多糖的生物合成机制以及胞外多糖的规模化生产和多领域应用进行了展望。希望为进一步开发利用胞外多糖产生菌的菌种资源、深入研究微生物胞外多糖功能和活性机制以及发酵生产过程、以及对胞外多糖在多学科和多领域的广泛应用的优化提供参考。

Exopolysaccharides are multifunctional glycan compounds synthesized by microorganisms.In recent years,it has been found that exopolysaccharides have the functions of adsorption,hydrophilicity,cohesiveness and immune activity,which have attracted extensive attention in the field of multidisciplinary researches.At present,the production and purification process of exopolysaccharides has several problems,such as high cost and low yield,which limit the large-scale production and commercial application.In this review,the microbial sources,biological characteristics and physiological functions of exopolysaccharides were systematically introduced,the biosynthetic mechanisms of several exopolysaccharides with industrial application potentials were emphatically summarized,and the latest application directions of exopolysaccharides were listed.Moreover,the biosynthetic mechanisms,the large-scale production,and multi-field application of exopolysaccharides were prospected.Therefore,this review was expected to provide a reference for the further development and utilization,in-depth study of the function and activity mechanism,and the optimization of fermentation production process of microbial exopolysaccharides,and the extensive application in multiple disciplines and fields.