国外食物系统驱动因素研究综述

A Review of Driving Factors of Food System in Foreign Literature

近年来,食物系统的转型和发展逐渐成为学界研究热点,其动态过程离不开多种驱动因素的共同推动。本文通过系统回顾国外相关文献,首先对文献中存在的共性问题进行论述。其次,根据文献梳理出12个食物系统的关键驱动因素,包括:城市化及其带来的生活方式转变、消费者收入提升、人口增长、对饮食和健康问题的关注度提升、技术创新和进步、农业部门的集约化和同质化程度加深、极端天气发生的频率和强度增加、土壤和农业条件的普遍退化、基础设施改善、影响贸易扩张的政策颁布、私人国际投资增长以及对食品安全问题的关注度提升,并将食物系统的动态过程解构为“需求-消费”“生产-供应”“贸易-分配”3个阶段进行分析。最后,从“环境特异性”与“难以预测性”角度论述了驱动因素与影响结果在“本地化”过程中的实际情况。食物系统的研究在我国已经持续了数十年,然而国内对食物系统驱动因素的研究仍相对薄弱。本文通过对国外食物系统的驱动因素研究进行概述,以期为推动我国食物系统转型发展提供有益的理论依据和借鉴。

In recent years,the transformation and development of food system has gradually become a research hotspot.The dynamic process of food system cannot be separated from the mutual promotion of many driving factors.Through a systematic review of the relevant foreign literature,this paper firstly discusses the common problems mentioned in the literature.Secondly,12 key drivers are sorted out according to the literature.They are urbanization and lifestyle change brought by it,income increase of consumer,population growth,increased attention on diet and health issues,technological innovation and progress,further intensification and homogeneity of the agriculture department,increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events,general degradation of soil and agricultural conditions,improvement of infrastructure,issue of policies that affect trade expansion,growth of private international investment,and increased attention to food safety problem.Furthermore,the dynamic process of food system is deconstructed into three stages of“demand-consumption”,“production-supply”and“trade-distribution”for analysis.Finally,the driving factors and their influencing results in the process of“localization”are discussed from perspectives of“environmental specificity”and“unpredictability”.Although the research of food system in China has lasted for decades,the study on the driving factors of food system is still relatively weak.This paper is expected provide beneficial theoretical bases and references for promoting the transformation and development of food system in our country by summarizing the research on driving factors of food system in foreign literature.