光伏+矿山生态修复模式的减碳增汇潜力评估

Assessment of carbon reduction and sink enhancement potential of photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration model

光伏+生态修复的能源化矿山生态修复模式为纾解光伏发展用地困境、解决大面积矿山废弃地亟待修复的需求提供了突破口。本研究以辽宁省中部某矿区为例,构建林光互补、农光互补和草光互补3种光伏+矿山生态修复模式,结合生命周期评价方法,核算光伏发电系统碳减排量和生态系统增汇量,评估光伏+矿山生态修复的减碳增汇潜力。结果表明:光伏+矿山生态修复模式下,矿山年均减碳增汇量为514.93 t CO_(2)·hm^(-2),每兆瓦光伏电站年均减碳量为1242.94 t CO_(2)。该矿区若采用光伏+生态修复模式,25年计入期内减碳增汇总量630.43~779.24万t CO_(2)。光伏+矿山生态修复模式的减碳增汇量主要源于光伏清洁发电产生的碳减排,占比96.4%~99.4%,生态系统增汇量贡献较小,仅占总量的0.6%~3.7%。光伏+不同修复模式下的减碳增汇潜力不同,其中,林光互补减碳增汇潜力最大(711.89万t),其次为农光互补(704.07万t),草光互补减碳增汇潜力最小(697.98万t)。构建“光伏+矿山生态修复”模式可有效发挥光伏发电的减碳及矿山生态修复的增汇双重效益,助力我国碳中和目标实现。

The energy oriented mine ecological restoration mode of photovoltaic+ecological restoration provides a breakthrough for alleviating the dilemma of photovoltaic land development and solving the urgent need for restoration of abandoned mining land.Taking a mining area in central Liaoning Province as an example,we established three photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration modes,including forest-photovoltaic complementary,agriculture-photovoltaic,and grass photovoltaic complementation.Combined with the life cycle assessment method,we calculated and assessed the potential of photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration in carbon reduction and sink enhancement.The average annual carbon reduction and sink increase was 514.93 t CO_2·hm~(-2)under the photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration mode,while the average annual carbon reduction per megawatt photovoltaic power station was 1242.94 t CO_2.The adoption of photovoltaic+ecological restoration mode in this mining area could make carbon reduction and sink enhancement 6.30-7.79 Mt CO_(2)during 25 years.The carbon reduction and sink increment mainly stemmed from the photovoltaic clean power generation induced carbon reduction,accounting for 96.4%-99.4%,while the contribution of ecosystem carbon sink increment was small,accounting for only 0.6%-3.7%of the total.Among different photovoltaic+ecological restoration modes,the carbon reduction and sink increment was the largest in forest-photovoltaic complementary(7.11 Mt CO_2),followed by agriculture-photovoltaic(7.04 Mt CO_2),and the least in grass photovoltaic complementation(6.98 Mt CO_2).Constructing the development mode of“photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration”could effectively leverage the dual benefits of reducing emissions from photovoltaic power generation and increase sinks from mining ecological restoration,which would be helpful for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in China.