《民法典》中“近亲属先买权”的法文化析论

Analysis of Legal Culture of Close Relatives'Right to Buy First in the Civil Code

“近亲属先买权”是我国《民法典》在普通房屋买卖关系中加入的一项身份属性强烈的规则。其看似是熟人社会习惯的遗留、悖于民法平等精神,实则有深远的制度和理念来源,即古代“先尽亲邻”规则在当代的投射,并且符合现代法学理论。“先尽亲邻”规则从古至今延续千年,从其延续过程及当代法律对亲属与承租人先买的规则安排中,既能看到社会变迁因素,也能发掘古今不动产交易中复杂的利益关系交织,还可剖析民法自由意志的立基与传统价值的指引,更有敦亲睦邻的中华美德以及实益均衡的传统法文化在《民法典》中的创造性继承和转换。

“Close relatives’right to buy first”is a rule with strong identity attribute added to the ordinary relation of property sale in China’s Civil Code.It seems to be a legacy of acquaintance social habits and contrary to the spirit of equality in civil law,but it has profound institutional and conceptual source.It is the contemporary projection of the ancient“relatives and neighbors first”rule,and conforms to modern legal theory.The“relatives and neighbors first”rule has lasted for thousands of years.Through the continuation process and the rules of contemporary law of relatives and tenants to buy first,we can see the factors of social change,discover the complex interweaving of interests in ancient and modern real estate transactions and can also dissect the basis of free will in civil law and the guidance of traditional values.Moreover,there is creative inheritance and transformation of the traditional Chinese virtue of promoting good relations with relatives and neighbors,and the traditional legal culture of beneficial balance in the Civil Code.