清前中期关于明末殉节诸臣“异梦”的历史书写

Historical Writing on the"Strange Dreams"of the Martyred Ministers at the End of the Ming Dynasty in the Early and Mid-Qing Dynasty

清前中期,明季遗民和官方史家关于明末殉节诸臣“异梦”的历史书写,是典型的历史话语权的局部争夺。前者致力于赋予明末殉节诸臣象征才智超群、忠义两全、际遇不凡的“异梦”,且所记之梦象具有明显的“应时性”,反映出他们保留信史的旨趣,表彰忠烈的初衷,追念故国的情怀以及自明心迹的用意,充斥着浓重的遗民色彩。后者为了迎合清朝统治者反复强调的“自古得天下之正莫如我朝”的正统论,更倾向于否定明末殉节诸臣“异梦”的合理性,逐渐乃至完全取缔其“异梦”所有权,来为清廷发鼎新革故之嚆矢,是一种应时论调。

In the early and mid-Qing dynasty,the historical writing on the"Strange Dreams"at the end of the Ming dynasty martyred ministers by Ming loyalists and official historians was a typical struggle over historical discourse.The Ming loyalists were devoted to constructing the"Strange Dreams"at the end of the Ming dynasty martyred ministers,to symbolize superior wisdom,loyalty,and extraordinary encounters.For them the recorded dream images had a clear"timeliness"reflecting their interest in preserving history,their original intention to commend loyalists,their emotions for their motherland,and their desire to express their hearts,full of the strong color of the survivors.The official historians catered to the orthodox theory that"it is most reasonable for our dynasty to obtain the right to rule from ancient times",that was repeatedly emphasized by the Qing rulers.The official historians tended to deny the rationality of the ministers who died in the late Ming Dynasty and"Strange Dreams"and gradually or even completely outlawed the ownership of the"Strange Dreams"to provide a precursor to the political reform and innovation of the Qing dynasty,which was a time-sensitive argument.