资本扩张对农村社会再生产的冲击——基于中原地区某农业大县的调研分析

The Impact of Capital Expansion on Rural Social Reproduction:Based on the Investigation and Analysis of a Large Agricultural County in Central Plains

如何正确处理社会再生产和资本积累之间的关系是重大的时代课题。文章以河南农业大县——PY县作为典型案例,深度剖析了近年来资本扩张逐步破坏中国农村的社会再生产及其带来的后果。由于资本扩张和权力之手的辅助,PY县农村的两个关键社会再生产环节——教育和婚姻已经逐步商品化,成为资本牟利的工具和积累的来源。教育和婚姻的商品化迫使农村家庭参与房地产市场,一方面虽然推动了PY县房地产市场的繁荣,但却给农村家庭带来了巨大的经济压力,导致农村女性劳动力外流,并让很多农村家庭负债累累;另一方面引发连锁反应,导致其他再生产环节出现危机:对农村老年人照料和经济支持的缺失,农村人口出生率急剧下降。

How to properly deal with the relationship between social reproduction and capital accumulation is a major issue of the times.Taking PY County in Henan Province as a typical case,this paper deeply analyzes how capital expansion has gradually destroyed the social reproduction system in rural China in recent years and the adverse consequences.The study found that in the past decade,due to the massive expansion of capital and the assistance of local government,two key social reproduction institutions in rural PY County-education and marriage-have been gradually commoditized,becoming tools for capital profit and sources of accumulation.The commodification of education and marriage forced rural families to participate in the real estate market,which,while driving the big boom in the real estate market in PY County,put enor-mous economic pressure on rural families,triggered a large outflow of rural female labor force,and left many rural families with heavy debts.The result has been an adverse impact on two other institutions of so-cial reproduction:a breakdown in care and financial support for the elderly,and a sharp decline in the ru-ral birth rate.This means that the social space in rural China,where a farming family can reproduce its population in a low-cost,relatively non-commoditized way,is disappearing.