2012—2019年内蒙古学生营养改善计划试点地区学校食堂膳食供应改善状况

Improvement status of food supplies in school canteens in pilot areas of the nutrition improvement program for students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,2012-2019

目的 了解2012—2019年内蒙古自治区“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”实施7年后,试点地区学校食堂食物和营养素供应的改善情况,为更好地实施学生营养改善计划及制定营养干预策略提供依据。方法 在内蒙古实施“学生营养改善计划”的8个试点县,按照随机抽样的原则,在每个县随机抽取20%的学校(包括小学和初中),用记账法对2012和2019学年学校食堂食物供应情况和学生就餐情况进行调查。不同年份学生构成情况用χ^(2)检验进行比较,使用Wilcoxon秩和检验方法进行不同年份食物及营养素供应情况的组间比较。结果 2019年学校食堂蔬菜、禽畜肉和植物油供应量偏低的比例由56.82%、72.73%和68.18%降低为29.41%、32.35%和20.59%,而供应量偏高的比例由25.00%、6.82%和20.45%增加到55.88%、44.12%和50.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其余种类的食物供应变化不明显(P>0.05)。2019年能量、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素C和铁供应量偏低的比例由2012年的36.36%、18.18%、56.82%、45.45%和29.55%明显降低为8.82%、8.82%、26.47%、26.47%和8.82%;供应量偏高的比例由原来的45.45%、59.09%、31.82%、43.18%和52.27%明显增加到79.41%、88.24%、64.71%、73.53%和82.35%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2019年学校食堂对豆制品、鸡蛋和牛奶供应量偏低的学校所占的比例分别为94.12%、52.94%和50.00%,对盐供应量偏高的学校食堂所占的比例超过一半。结论 2012—2019年内蒙古农村学生营养改善计划实施后,试点地区学校食堂供餐情况明显改善,但是尚存在不合理的问题,需进一步改进。

Objective To understand the improvement status of food and nutrient supplies in school canteens in the pilot areas after 7 years of implementation of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES)in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2019,and to provide a basis for better implementation of the NIPRCES and formulation of nutrition intervention strategies.Methods According to the principle of random sampling,20%of schools(including primary and junior middle schools)in each county of the eight pilot counties of the NIPRCES were randomly selected to investigate the food supplies in school canteens and students’eating conditions in the 2012 and 2019 school years by bookkeeping method.The composition of students in different years was compared by chi-square test,and the food and nutrient supplies in different years were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results The proportions of low supplies of vegetables,poultry and vegetable oil in the school canteen decreased from 56.82%,72.73%and 68.18%in 2012 to 29.41%,32.35%and 20.59%in 2019,while the proportions of excessive supplies of above-mentioned food increased from 25.00%,6.82%and 20.45%to 55.88%,44.12%and 50.00%,showing statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Changes in the supplies of other kinds of food were not significant(P>0.05).The proportions of low supplies of energy,protein,vitamin A,vitamin C and iron significantly decreased from 36.36%,18.18%,56.82%,45.45%and 29.55%in 2012 to 8.82%,8.82%,26.47%,26.47%and 8.82%in 2019,while the proportions of excessive supplies of above-mentioned elements significantly increased from 45.45%,59.09%,31.82%,43.18%and 52.27%to 79.41%,88.24%,64.71%,73.53%and 82.35%,showing statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The proportions of schools withlow supplies of soy products,eggs and milk in canteens in 2019 were 94.12%,52.94%and 50.00%respectively,and more than half of the school canteens had excessive supplies of salt.Conclusion After implementing the NIPRCES in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2012-2019,the situation of food supplies in school canteens in the pilot areas were significantly improved.But there are still unreasonable problems,which need to be further improved.