2017—2022年成都市龙泉驿区8~10岁儿童碘缺乏病监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in children aged 8 to 10 years in Longquanyi District from 2017 to 2022

目的了解成都市龙泉驿区8~10岁儿童家庭食用盐碘水平和碘营养水平,为持续消除碘缺乏病和科学补碘提供依据。方法2017—2022年在成都市龙泉驿区按照东、西、南、北和中5个方位,每年分别随机抽取5个镇(乡、街道)小学,每个小学各抽取8~10岁儿童40人(年龄均衡、男女各半),采集儿童家中食用盐盐样和调查对象尿液样本,检测盐碘含量和尿碘含量,并对儿童进行甲状腺B超检查,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析,采用多样本Kruskal-Wallis H检验及Mann-Whitney U检验比较多组间差异,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,Spearman相关分析描述相关关系,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2017—2022年共调查8~10岁儿童1200名,采集食用盐盐样、尿样各1200份。非碘盐2份,碘盐覆盖率99.8%,合格碘盐食用率97.5%。尿碘中位数为159.2μg/L。2017年和2020年共对400名儿童进行甲状腺容积B超检测,甲状腺肿大率分别为2.0%和0.5%,甲状腺肿大率与性别无关(χ^(2)=1.212,P=0.271)。结论龙泉驿区8~10岁儿童碘营养水平总体处于适宜水平,但要进一步加强监测,同时警惕缺碘和碘过量风险。

Objective To understand the salt iodine level and iodine nutrition level of Longquanyi District residents,and to provide scientific basis for the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders and rational iodine supplement.Methods From 2017 to 2022,five primary schools were randomly selected from five towns(townships and subdistricts)in Longquanyi District according to five directions of east,west,south,north and middle each year,and 40 children aged 8 to 10were selected from each primary school(age and gender were evenly divided).Edible salt and urine samples were collected to detect the content of salt iodine and urine iodine,the size of thyroid was measured by type B ultrasound method,and the SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis,P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 1200children aged 8 to 10 years were investigated from 2017 to 2022,1200 samples of edible salt and urine were collected,respectively.There were two samples of non-iodized salt,and the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.8%,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.5%.The median of urinary iodine was 159.2μg/L,In 2017 and 2020,a total of 400 children were examined by B ultrasound for thyroid volume,and the goiter rates were 2.0%and 0.5%,the rate of goiter was not related to gender(χ^(2)=1.212,P=0.271).Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of children aged 8-10 years old was adequate in Longquanyi district,but the monitoring of iodine nutrition needs to be further strengthened,at the same time,the risk of iodine overdose in children should be vigilant.