复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂急性毒性和杀菌影响因素评价

Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Bactericidal Influencing Factors of Compound Quaternary Ammonium Foam Disinfectant

为研究复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂的临床安全使用,本试验从急性经口毒性、皮肤刺激性、眼刺激性和杀菌影响因素4个方面展开初评,对大鼠经口灌胃消毒剂,测定半数致死量(LD_(50)),考察复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂的毒性;对家兔进行皮肤刺激性试验,考察其对背部完整皮肤的刺激性;对家兔进行眼刺激性试验,考察其经眼睛单次染毒后眼刺激损害的程度;采用悬液定量法测定不同温度和pH对复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂杀菌效果的影响。结果显示,该消毒剂对雄性和雌性大鼠的LD_(50)分别为7413和5129 mg/(kg·bw);3只雄性家兔染毒后连续14 d,背部皮肤红斑和水肿平均积分(刺激指数)均为0;3只雄性家兔在染毒后1 h以及1、2、3、7、14和21 d,角膜损害、虹膜损害、结膜充血和结膜水肿平均积分均为0。该消毒剂的杀菌效果随着温度的升高明显增强,随pH提高先增强后降低。结果表明,在本试验条件下,复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂经口毒性为实际无毒,急性皮肤和眼刺激性试验中均表现为无刺激性;该消毒剂的杀菌效果随温度的升高明显增强,在偏碱性条件下杀菌效果更优。本试验结果为复方季铵盐泡沫消毒剂在畜禽场的安全使用提供参考。

To study the clinical safe use of compound quaternary ammonium foam disinfectant,this study conducted an initial evaluation from four aspects:acute oral toxicity,skin irritation,eye irritation,and bactericidal influencing factors.Acute oral toxicity was assessed by measuring the median lethal dose(LD 50)in rats through oral gavage.Skin irritation tests were conducted on rabbits to assess the irritation on intact back skin.Eye irritation tests were conducted on rabbits to assess the extent of eye irritation after single ocular exposure.The bactericidal effect was measured using the suspension quantitative method to determine the effects of different temperatures and pH levels on the disinfectant's efficacy.The results showed that the LD 50 for male and female rats was 7413 and 5129 mg/(kg·bw),respectively.For the skin irritation test,the average score for erythema and edema(irritation index)was 0 in three male rabbits after 14 days of exposure.In the eye irritation test,the average scores for corneal damage,iris damage,conjunctival hyperemia,and conjunctival edema were 0 at 1 hour and 1,2,3,7,14,and 21 days post-exposure in three male rabbits.The bactericidal effect of the disinfectant significantly increased with rising temperature and initially increased and then decreased with rising pH.The results indicated that under the conditions of this study,the compound quaternary ammonium foam disinfectant exhibited practically non-toxic oral toxicity and showed no irritation in acute skin and eye irritation tests.Its bactericidal effect improved significantly with higher temperatures and was optimal under slightly alkaline conditions.These findings provide a reference for the safe use of compound quaternary ammonium foam disinfectant in livestock and poultry farms.