高速直升机关键技术与发展

Key technologies and development for high-speed helicopters

常规直升机由于构型影响,限制了其飞行速度、航程等主要性能指标,高速化已经成为未来直升机发展的重要趋势之一,欧美等国已争先投入大量的资源研发高速直升机,且取得了阶段性的突破。本文首先分析了限制常规直升机速度的本质因素以及可实现速度提升的不同构型型式;然后重点针对4种具有较大发展潜力的高速构型:共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机、倾转旋翼飞行器、双推力复合式高速直升机、多桨倾转旋翼电驱动高速直升机进行分析,系统梳理了不同类别高速直升机研制过程中因构型差异衍生出的特有关键技术,并对各项关键技术展开技术途径分析,指出其中的难点与发展方向。最后,给出了一些高速直升机的发展思路。

The performance criteria,such as flight speed and voyage,are restricted due to the configuration of con-ventional helicopter.High speed is one of the important trends in the development of helicopter.Euramerican coun-tries have already invested massive resources in developing high-speed helicopter and obtained phased break-throughs.In this paper,the essential reasons for the restriction of conventional helicopter flight speed and some differ-ent configurations which can improve flight speed are analyzed firstly.Then,detailed analysis is made focusing on the four high-speed configurations with great development potential,i.e.,coaxial-rigid-rotor high-speed helicopter,tilt ro-tor aircraft,dual thrust compound high-speed helicopter and multi-propeller tilt-rotor high-speed electric-driven helicop-ter.The special key technologies during the development of different high-speed helicopter,due to the differences in configuration,are analyzed systematically.Also,the technical approaches of these different key technologies are in-vestigated.The difficulties and development direction among them are pointed out as well.Finally,some development strategies of the high-speed helicopter are presented.