2022年长江三峡地区气候状况分析

Climate Conditions of the Three Gorges Region in Yangtze River Basin in 2022

利用长江三峡地区逐日观测资料和我国自主研发的全球再分析资料CRA-40,分析了2022年三峡地区气候特征,梳理了气候事件及气象灾害,简析了发生在夏季的极端高温事件成因。得出以下结论:2022年,长江三峡地区暖干气候特点突出,年平均气温较常年高0.8℃,为1961年以来第二高,夏季平均气温和高温日数均为历史同期最高,分别较常年高出2.4℃和24.8d;三峡地区年降水量较常年减少18.4%,与常年相比大部分地区更加干燥,阶段性变化大,夏季和秋季降水偏少,年暴雨日数较常年减少。三峡地区夏秋季持续高温少雨引发严重气象干旱,对农业生产、水库蓄水、能源供应及人体健康产生较大影响。分析表明,全球变暖是造成极端高温发生的大背景,大气环流异常,特别是西太平洋副热带高压及南亚高压异常,是高温发生且极端性突出的直接原因。

Based on the daily observation data of the Three Gorges Region(TGR)of the Yangtze River basin and the CRA-40 global reanalysis data,the climate characteristics,climate extreme events and meteorological disasters in the TGR in 2022 were analyzed.The average annual temperature of 2022 in the TGR was 0.8℃ higher than the normal,ranking the second highest on record since 1961.The TGR experienced its warmest summer on record in terms of average temperature and number of high temperature days(2.4℃ and 24.8 days above normal,respectively).Annual rainfall of 2022 in the TGR was 18.4% below the normal and drier than the normal in most parts of the region.A severe meteorological drought across the TGR was triggered by the persistent hot weather and below-normal monsoon rainfall during the summer,with serious impacts on the agricultural production,water and energy supply,as well as the human health.Our analysis indicates that global warming is the main background cause of the extreme high temperatures,and that the abnormal atmospheric circulation,especially anomalies of the western Pacific subtropical high and the south Asia high,are the direct cause of the occurrence of extreme high temperatures during the summer.