小型无人船关键技术在南极近岸海底地形调查中的应用

Application of key unmanned vessel technologies to Antarctic nearshore topography surveys

南极大陆是研究全球气候变化的典型区域,也是开展科学考察的“天然实验室”,挖掘南极科考潜力对提升我国在南极领域的话语权具有重要意义。南极近岸海域是全球海洋调查的重点关注区域,现场实测数据可以为合理开发利用南极资源提供数据支撑,但受其高海拔、低温、强风等极端条件影响,南极近岸海域数据资料极度匮乏。随着无人船应用领域逐渐拓宽,这一困境在未来将得到进一步解决。本文主要围绕南极近岸海域作业环境的特殊性,聚焦小型无人船关键技术,分别从船体设计与续航保障、高精度定位、自主避障、通信控制四个主要方面对南极近岸海域场景下小型无人船的具体应用进行分析,旨在完善一套能够适应极区环境作业的无人船系统模式,为未来无人智能设备在南极现场的实际应用奠定基础。

The Antarctic continent is a typical area for studying global climate change and serves as a"natural laboratory"for scientific research.It is of great significance to tap the potential of Antarctic scientific research to enhance China's discourse power in the Antarctic field.Antarctic near-shore sea area is a focal area of global marine survey,and the on-site measured data can provide data support for the rational development and utilization of Antarctic resources.However,due to its high altitude,low temperature,strong winds and other extreme conditions,there is an extreme lack of data in the Antarctic near-shore sea area.With the gradual broadening of unmanned ship application fields,this dilemma will be further solved in the future.This paper mainly focuses on the special characteristics of the operating environment of Antarctic near-shore sea area,and focuses on the key technologies of small unmanned ship to analyze the specific application of four major aspects in Antarctic near-shore sea area scenarios,namely,hull design and range guarantee,high-precision positioning,autonomous obstacle avoidance and communication control.The aim is to develop a set of unmanned ship system that can adapt to the operation of the polar environment,laying the foundation for the future on-site application of unmanned intelligent equipment in the Antarctica field.