项目制志愿服务作为一种治理安排——以青年志愿服务项目“西部计划”“山区计划”为例

Project-based Voluntary Service as a Governance Arrangement--Taking the Youth Voluntary Service Project"College Students Voluntary Service in the West"and"Guangdong College Students Voluntary Service in Mountainous Areas"as Examples

青年志愿服务是中国特色志愿服务的重要组成部分。面对社会需求的多元化和政府职能的转移,依托公共行政力量发起的大型项目制志愿服务日益成为满足社会成员多元需求的福利提供渠道和促进多方参与的社会治理平台。本文通过回顾项目制青年志愿服务作为治理安排的发展历史,试图从治理理论着手分析两个代表性的青年志愿服务项目,围绕“治理主体-治理路径-治理对象-治理结果”的分析逻辑,探讨项目制志愿服务如何参与治理的制度实践机制。研究发现,依托“国家支持、部门协商、共青团承办、项目化管理、社会化运作”向欠发达地区提供常态化、规模化的志愿服务人才与资源的项目制实施模式,是国家自上而下有计划地激发社会活力的一种方式,也是服务于基层社会治理体系的一种治理工具,赋予权力和让渡空间本身不是目的,而是通过志愿服务成为一种治理手段激发社会力量参与社会治理,促进社会协同与社会建设。

Youth voluntary service is an important part of voluntary service with Chinese characteristics.In the face of diversified social needs and the transfer of government functions,large-scale projectbased voluntary service initiated by public administrative forces has increasingly become a welfare provision channel to meet the diversified needs of social members and a social governance platform to promote multi-party participation.By reviewing the development history of project-based youth voluntary service as a governance arrangement,this paper attempts to analyze two representative youth volunteer service projects from the perspective of governance theory.Centering on the analytical logic of"governance subject-governance path-governance object-governance result",this paper explores the institutional practice mechanism of how project-based voluntary service participates in governance.The research finds that the project-based implementation mode of providing normalized and large-scale voluntary service talents and resources to underdeveloped areas by relying on"state support,department consultation,Communist Youth League undertaking,project management,and socialized operation"is a way to stimulate social vitality from top to bottom by the state,and also a governance tool serving the grassroots social governance system.Empowerment and transfer space are not the purpose,but to stimulate social forces to participate in social governance through voluntary service as a governance means,and promote social collaboration and social construction.