外地游客访问城市公园的时空模式与影响机制研究——以广州市为例

Research on the Spatiotemporal Patterns and Mechanisms Influencing Non-local Tourists'Visits to Urban Parks:A Case Study based on Guangzhou City

在城市旅游发展日益繁荣的背景下,挖掘外地游客访问城市公园的时空模式与影响机制,有助于提高城市公园的使用效率,提升城市外部形象,增加城市对游客的吸引力。以广州市413个城市公园为研究对象,基于手机信令数据测算城市公园活力值,构建地理探测器分析模型,探寻工作日、周末与节假日影响外地游客选择城市公园进行访问的关键因素。结果发现:(1)外地游客城市公园访问活力值呈现出工作日>周末>节假日的现象;(2)游客收入、与中心城区距离、交通站点密度、路网密度等因素对于外地游客选择城市公园游览具有显著影响;(3)城市公园对外地游客的吸引力出现游园>社区公园>综合公园>专类公园的情况。基于多源大数据,探究外地游客在不同时间段选择城市公园的影响因素,为城市公园后续规划建设与管理维护提供科学依据与定量支撑。

With increasing prosperity of urban tourism development,exploring the visiting features and selection mechanism of non-local tourists in urban parks is conducive to increase utilization of urban parks,improving external impression of cities and enhancing attractiveness of cities to tourists.In this study,vitality values of 413 urban parks in Guangzhou City were estimated according to"visiting distance"and"visiting frequency"of non-local tourists based on multiple data sources,including mobile signaling data,point of interest(POI)data,OpenStreetMap(OSM)data,Dianping data and remote sensing interpretation data.This avoids possible blindness in measuring vitality value of urban parks according to a single index.Subsequently,15influencing factors were extracted as the independent variables from the perspective of transportation accessibility,park characteristics,surrounding features,and tourist characteristics,while the vitality value of urban parks was used as the dependent variable to construct a geographical detector analysis model.Based on this model,key factors that influence urban park selection of non-local tourists during workdays,weekends and holidays were recognized.Results showed that the vital values of urban parks reach the highest during workdays followed by those during weekends and holidays successively.Based on field surveys,non-local tourists mainly consist of business tourists,migrant workers and leisure tourists.Most non-local tourists are business tourists and migrant workers who stay in Guangzhou for a long period.They usually make recreational activities during workdays and weekends.Hence,vitality value of urban parks during workdays and weekends is higher than that during holidays.Tourist income,distance to the central urban area,density of transportation stations and road network density have significant influences on urban park selection of non-local tourists.The proportion of low-income groups can influence vitality value of cities during workdays,weekends and holidays.Parks with high proportion of low-income group often present high vitality value.Based on field surveys and interviews,lowincome groups are found to consist mainly old people and children.Hence,parks which have barrier-free facilities and are friendly to old people and children could easily get high vitality values.With respect to attractiveness of urban parks to non-local tourists,the order follows as:scenic parks>community parks>comprehensive parks>specialized parks.Based on field surveys,many scenic parks are found to be open to all non-local tourist types(business tourists,migrant workers and leisure tourists).These scenic parks mainly distribute surrounding hotels,business entertainment facilities and transportation stations.They can attract more tourists for leisure and recreation.Community parks primarily cater to migrant labor tourists,thus exhibiting higher vitality values during weekdays and weekends.Comprehensive parks and specialized parks mainly target leisure tourists and their vitality values are relatively balanced among different periods and in different regions.This study explores influencing factors against non-local tourists'selection of urban parks in different periods based on multi-source big data,providing scientific references and quantitative support to subsequent planning,construction,management and maintenance of urban parks.