手术室护士灾难素养现状及影响因素的混合研究

A mixed study on the status quo and influencing factors of disaster literacy of nurses in operating room

目的 采用基于解释性序列设计的混合研究方法,了解手术室护士灾难素养现状及影响因素。方法 2023年1-4月,采用方便抽样法对镇江市4所综合医院180名手术室护士进行一般资料、灾难素养问卷调查;采用现象学研究法,目的性、异质性抽取其中14名手术室护士为访谈对象进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法整理资料。结果 手术室护士灾难素养总分为(110.04±19.71)分,各维度条目均分由高到低为:信念性灾难素养(4.13±0.16)分、行为性灾难素养(4.00±0.22)分、判别性灾难素养(3.93±0.36)分、知识性灾难素养(3.65±0.18)分;职称、护理能级、是否参加过灾难培训或演习、是否有灾难救援经历、手术室有无灾难应对流程是灾难素养的影响因素(t=-2.041、5.391、-2.982、-2.068、-7.792,均P<0.05)。质性访谈共提炼4个主题:职业信念感鲜明、灾难认知和技能水平匮乏、灾难应急管理不完备、内心缺乏可控感。结论 本研究调查的手术室护士灾难素养处于中等水平,受多种因素影响,有待进一步提升。建议手术室管理者可从灾难教育、应灾管理和心理调适入手,深化手术室护士对灾难的认知、应灾救援能力和信心,提升其灾难素养。

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of disaster literacy among nurses in the operating room using a mixed research method based on explanatory sequence design.Methods From January to April 2023,a total of 180 operating room nurses in 4 general hospitals in Zhenjiang citywere selected by convenience sampling method to conduct a general information and disaster literacyquestionnaire survey.A total of 14 operating room nurses using phenomenological research methodwere selected as interview subjects in purpose and heterogeneity for semistructured interviews,and Colaizzi 7-step analysis methodwas used to organize the data.Results The total score of disaster literacy of nurses in the operating room was(110.04±19.71)points,and the average scores of each dimension were as follows:Belief disaster literacy(4.13±0.16)points,behavioral disaster literacy(4.00±0.22)points,discriminative disaster literacy(3.93±0.36)points,and intellectual disaster literacy(3.65±0.18)points.Job title,nursing level,whether disaster training or drills,disaster rescue experience,and disaster response procedures in the operating room were the influencing factors of disaster literacy(t=-2.041,5.391,-2.982,-2.068,-7.792;all P<0.05).A total of 4 themes were extracted from the qualitative interviews:a clear sense of professional belief,lack of disaster cognition and skill level,incomplete disaster emergency management,and lack of inner controllability.Conclusion The disaster literacy of nurses in the operating room is at a moderate level,which is affected by many factorsand needs to be further improved.It is suggested that operating room managers can start with disaster education,disaster response management,and psychological adjustment to deepen the cognition,response and confidence of operating room nurses in disasters,and improve their disaster literacy.