民国时期上海残疾院及其慈善活动研究(1919-1937)

Shanghai Disability Institute and Its Charity Events in the Republic of China,1919-1937

民国是中国慈善事业转型的重要时期,慈善组织的专门性不断加强,救济方式逐渐由养济结合的消极方式向教养结合的积极方式转变。1919年5月,沪上绅商王一亭创办上海残疾院,专门收容教养贫苦无依、不能自谋生计的残疾人,特别注重残疾人的技能培养,使其能够更好地适应社会,而且正式将残疾人群体独立纳入上海社会救济网络。虽然该院的救济范围有限,但是在民国政府不作为或难作为的情况下起到了补充作用。

The Republic of China is an important period witnessing the transformation of China's charity cause,which was characterized by increased specialization of charitable organizations,and a changed mode of assistance from negative(combining nursing with relief)into positive(combining nursing with education).In May 1919,Wang Yiting,a gentry-merchant from Shanghai,set up the Shanghai Disability Institute to take in and educate persons with disabilities who were poor,dispossessed and unable to make a living on their own.The institute paid special attention to skill training,so that persons with disabilities could better adapt to society,and officially incorporated persons with disabilities into the Shanghai social relief network.Although the scope of assistance of the institute was very limited,it played a supplementary role in the situation where the Government of the Republic of China did not take action or found it difficult to take action to help persons with disabilities.