青年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素分析

Risk Factors of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Young Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

目的探讨青年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发生状况,并进行危险因素分析。方法选择2021年7月—2023年11月甘肃医学院附属医院收治的258例青年2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,采用彩超评估颈动脉粥样硬化情况,根据是否存在颈动脉粥样硬化情况将患者分为研究组(颈动脉粥样硬化120例,占比46.51%),对照组(无颈动脉粥样硬化138例,占比53.49%)。调查两组患者的临床指标(血压、血脂)等资料并进行危险因素分析。结果两组年龄、性别、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。研究组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸、颈动脉粥样硬化家族史等与对照组对比,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。同型半胱氨酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、颈动脉粥样硬化家族史为导致青年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生的危险因素(OR=3.444、2.654、2.798,P均<0.05)。结论青年2型糖尿病患者多伴随有颈动脉粥样硬化,同型半胱氨酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、颈动脉粥样硬化家族史为导致青年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis in young patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and analyze the risk factors.Methods A total of 258 young patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who ad-mitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College from July 2021 to November 2023 were selected as the study objects.Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by color ultrasound.Patients were divided into study group(120 cases with carotid atherosclerosis,accounting for 46.51%)and control group(138 cases without carotid atherosclero-sis,accounting for 53.49%)according to whether they had carotid atherosclerosis.The clinical indicators(blood pres-sure,blood lipids)of the two groups were investigated and risk factors were analyzed.Results There were no signifi-cant differences in age,sex,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,to-tal cholesterol and triacylglycerol between two groups(all P>0.05).The low density lipoprotein cholesterol,homocys-teine and family history of carotid atherosclerosis in the study group were compared with those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Homocysteine,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,and family history of carotid atherosclerosis were risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in young patients with type 2 dia-betes mellitus(OR=3.444,2.654,2.798,all P<0.05).Conclusion Young patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are often accompanied by carotid atherosclerosis.Homocysteine,low density lipoprotein cholesterol and family history of carotid atherosclerosis are risk factors leading to the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis in young patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.