元代西藏驿路再探讨——以元代藏僧乘驿相关记载为中心

Re-discussion on the Post Roads in Xizang during the Yuan Dynasty--Focusing on the Records Related to the Tibetan Monk Horse-Postmen in the Yuan Dynasty

有元一代,中央政府将驿路系统推及至西藏。基于官方史籍记载与目前学界对西藏驿路的研究,元廷设置的驿站数额不过四十余处。通过梳理藏文史料中元代赴京藏僧乘驿相关记载,发现西藏驿站数量远超官方驿站数量。文章以藏僧视角探讨西藏驿路详细情况,指出西藏驿路中除了有官方设置的驿站外,还存有西藏地方置立的地方性驿站。西藏驿站呈现出不同的层级,官方主导与地方设立相辅相成,共同构建西藏驿路。同时,对比明代西藏高僧驰驿路线,认为元代西藏驿路被明代所承袭,离不开西藏驿路中地方驿站持续存在的助力。

During the Yuan dynasty,the central government extended the postal route system to Xizang(Tibet).Based on the official historical records of the Yuan Dynasty and the current academic research on the postal routes in Xizang,the number of postal stations set up by the Yuan government was only about forty.However,by combing through the records of Tibetan historical records about Tibetan monk postmen riding to Beijing in the Yuan Dynasty,it is found that the number of post stations in Xizang far exceeded the number of official post sta⁃tions.This paper explores the details of the Xizang's post roads from the perspective of eminent monks,analyzing the fact that in addition to the postal stations built by the central government on the post roads,there were also postal stations set up by the local government.The postal stations in Xizang showed their different levels,with the ones central government built as dominant ones,complementing each other with the ones the local govern⁃ment set up,coexisted on the post roads in Xizang.Meanwhile,comparing the routes of Tibetan monk horse-post⁃men took in the Ming Dynasty,it is believed that in Xizang the post roads of the Yuan Dynasty were soon inherit⁃ed by the Ming Dynasty,which could not be separated from the continuous existence of local postal stations on post roads in Xizang.