近代中国教会大学的本土化之路——教育学科的视角

The Road to Localization of Church Universities in Modern China:A Perspective on the Curriculum of Education Discipline

在外部环境刺激和内部高层管理人员的共同推动下,近代中国教会大学开启了本土化之路,其教育学科的本土化则主要是围绕如何处理“中西”关系进行的。在人才培养目标上,教会大学的教育学科实现了从满足传教需求到适应中国社会需求的转变;在通识课程上,教会大学教育学科的本土化表现为从“西体中用”到“扬中抑西”的过程;在专业课程上,教育学科从最初的“照搬西方”逐渐转向“西学中用”,旨在运用西方教育学理论解决中国的教育问题。然而,教会大学教育学科的本土化存在明显的局限性:一是人才培养目标的貌合神离,二是三民主义教育与基督教教育的理论纠葛与执行偏差,三是世界主义和国家主义的摇摆。近代中国教会大学教育学科的本土化历程凸显了摆脱西方路径依赖、扎根本土办教育的紧迫性和必要性,也为我们构建中国教育学自主知识体系提供了历史依据。

Under the stimulation of the external environment and the joint promotion of internal senior management personnel,modern Chinese church universities have embarked on the path of localization.The localization of education disciplines mainly revolves around how to deal with the relationship between China and the West.In terms of talent training goals,church universities have experienced a transformation from meeting missionary needs to adapting to the needs of Chinese society.In general courses,localization is manifested as a process from Western body for Chinese use to promoting Chinese and suppressing Western elements.In professional courses,from the initial copying of the West to Western learning for Chinese use,the aim is to use Western educational theories to solve China's educational problems.However,there are obvious limitations to the localization of education disciplines.First,the talent training goals are superficially consistent.Second,the theoretical entanglement and implementation deviation between the three principles of the people eduction and Christian education.Third,there was a swing between cosmopolitanism and nationalism.The localization history of education disciplines in modern Chinese church universities highlights the urgency and necessity of removing path dependence,deepening local exploration,and updating the independent knowledge system of education.In addition,it also points out the direction of strengthening the ability to guide the practice of educational theory.