地铁列车关键气密部件对车内压力舒适性的影响

Impact of key airtight components on pressure comfort in metro train

为全面分析地铁列车运营时车外压力对车内乘客耳压舒适性的影响,采用实车线路试验方法,实测了地铁列车匀速通过隧道时,关键气密部件(空调压力波保护阀、车门气动辅助锁与贯通道排污孔筛)在不同密封条件下的车内、外压力,分析了车外压力波动特性、沿列车长度方向的压力分布规律以及车内关键气密部件对车内压力变化幅值的影响。研究结果表明:头车和中间车的车外压力受车头进入隧道产生的压缩波影响较大,列车车身表面压力峰值从头车向尾车逐渐降低;在空调开启时,相较于启用压力波保护阀,未启用时车内3 s内压力变化幅值增加了48%~61%,1 s内增加了75%~90%,说明空调压力波保护阀对车内压力舒适性影响显著;在空调关闭时,与启用车门气动辅助锁相比,未启用时3 s内车内压力变化幅值增加了39%~46%,1 s内增加了69%~78%,表明车门气动辅助锁对车内压力舒适性的影响仅次于空调压力波保护阀;在空调关闭的情况下,与启用贯通道排污孔筛相比,未启用时3 s内车内压力变化幅值增加了3%~11%,1 s内增加了1%~13%,说明贯通道排污孔筛对车内压力的影响较小。

To comprehensively analyze the impact of external pressure on passenger ear comfort during metro train operation,a real vehicle line test method was employed to measure the internal and external pressures of key airtight components(pressure wave protection valve for air conditioning,door pneumatic auxiliary lock,and gangway drainage hole screen) under different sealing conditions when the metro train passed through the tunnel at a constant speed.The fluctuating characteristics of external pressure,the pressure distribution law of the train in the longitudinal direction,as well as the influences of key airtight components on the pressure change amplitude inside the train were analyzed.Research results show that external pressures on the head vehicle and the middle vehicle are greatly affected by the compression wave generated while the train head enters the tunnel.The peak pressure on the train body surface gradually decreases from the head vehicle to the tail vehicle.When the air conditioning is on,compared with the situation when the pressure wave protection valve is enabled,the pressure change amplitude inside the train increases by 48%-61% within 3 s and 75%-90% within 1 s when the pressure wave protection valve is not enabled.This indicates that the pressure wave protection valve for air conditioning has a significant effect on the pressure comfort inside the train.When the air conditioning is off,compared with the situation when the door pneumatic auxiliary lock is enabled,the pressure change amplitude inside the train increases by 39%-46% within 3 s and by 69%-78% within 1 s when the door pneumatic auxiliary lock is not enabled.This indicates that the importance of the door pneumatic auxiliary lock's effect on the pressure comfort inside the train is second to the pressure wave protection valve for air conditioning.When the air conditioning is off,compared with the situation when the gangway drainage hole screen is enabled,the pressure change amplitude inside the train increases by 3%-11% within 3 s and 1%-13% within 1 s when the gangway drainage hole screen is not enabled.This indicates that the gangway drainage hole screen has a relatively small effect on the pressure inside the train.9 tabs,16 figs,30 refs.