基于随机森林的甲状腺相关疾病的预测研究

Prediction of thyroid related diseases based on Random Forest

目的分析甲状腺功能五项在甲状腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法将2021年1月至2023年7月就诊于达拉特旗人民医院的300例甲状腺疾病患者及同期118例体检健康人群纳入研究,根据临床诊断结果分为甲状腺功能亢进组,甲状腺功能减退组,甲状腺结节组,甲状腺肿组,甲状腺肿瘤组,每组各60例,健康人群组118例,收集甲状腺功能五项结果,基于随机森林的方法分析甲状腺功能五项指标对甲状腺疾病的预测效果。结果甲状腺功能亢进组的三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3),甲状腺素(T4),游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3),以及游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平显著高于健康人群组,促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平低于健康人群组,甲状腺功能减退组呈现出相反的特征。甲状腺结节组和甲状腺肿组的TSH以及甲状腺肿瘤组的FT4和T4显著高于健康人群组,而甲状腺肿瘤组T3显著低于健康人群组。随机森林模型显示,甲状腺功能减退,甲状腺功能亢进,甲状腺结节和甲状腺肿四类疾病的关键特征是TSH,甲状腺肿瘤疾病是FT4。结论TSH是诊断甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺结节和甲状腺肿瘤等甲状腺疾病的关键指标,FT4是诊断甲状腺肿瘤的关键指标,为甲状腺疾病的临床诊断提供了新的思路。

Objective To assess the diagnostic efficacy of 5 items of thyroid function in thyroid disorders.Methods A total of 300 patients diagnosed with thyroid diseases and 118 healthy individuals from Dalat People′s Hospital between January 2021 and July 2023 were included in the study.Based on clinical diagnostic results,participants were stratified into distinct groups:the hyperthyroidism group,hypothyroidism group,thyroid nodule group,goiter group,thyroid tumor group,60 cases in each group,and a group of healthy individuals 118 cases.Data on 5 items of thyroid function were collected.The predictive effects of 5 items of thyroid function on thyroid diseases were assessed using the random forest algorithm.Results In the hyperthyroidism group,the levels of triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),free triiodothyronine(FT3),and free thyroxine(FT4)were significantly elevated compared to those in the healthy control group,whereas the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)were reduced in the hypothyroidism group.while the hypothyroidism group showed the opposite characteristics Levels of TSH in the thyroid nodule group and goiter group,FT4,and T4 levels were significantly elevated compared to those in the healthy group,while T3 level in thyroid tumor group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group.According to the random forest model,TSH was identified as the key feature for the four disease types,including hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism,thyroid nodules,and goiter,and FT4 is the key feature for thyroid tumors.Conclusion TSH is a key indicator in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism,thyroid nodules,and thyroid tumors and FT4 is a key marker in the diagnosis of thyroid goiter which provides a new approach for the clinical diagnosis of thyroid diseases.