六艺:从共同资源到一家垄断——孔子与儒家经典之成立

Six Classical Arts from Common Resource to Monopolizing by One School:Confucius and the Founding of Confucian Classics

按章太炎的划分,礼乐射御书数为“小六艺”,为王公贵族子弟在小学阶段的必修技能;被孔子删订的《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》则为“大六艺”,属于成人教育的“大学之道”,是官员任职前必须学习的待人接物、处事礼仪与一般道理。孔子晚年集中精力编辑、注解、诠释六艺,因“有德无位”而称“述而不作”,渗透思想价值和道义灵魂,总结三代而又超越三代,寄托《春秋》而行“素王”褒贬赏罚之权柄,最终把作为上古道术的六艺演绎为儒家学派独有而专用的文本载体。

According to Zhang Taiyan s classification,the“little Six Classical Arts”included rites,music,archery,charioteering,calligraphy,and mathematics,which were the compulsory skills for the children of kings,nobles,and aristocrats in elementary school.The Book of Songs,the Book of History,the Rites,the Music,Zhou Yi,and Spring and Autumn Annals,which were compiled by Confucius,were the“great Six Classical Arts”,belonged to adult education,and were general principles for officers to learn how to interact with others and handle affairs with etiquette before taking office.Confucius edited and interpreted the Six Classical Arts,meanwhile infiltrated his own thought,value,morality,and justice into them;made Wang Dao bailment in Spring and Autumn Annals,carried out the power of appraising and punishment for“Su Wang”,and ultimately interpreted the Six Classical Arts which were the ancient common Dao Shu as a unique and specialized text carrier of the Confucian school.