升学信息、偏好与大学专业选择:一项针对县中学生专业选择的信息干预实验

Information,Preferences,and College Major Choices:An Informational Intervention Experiment for County High School Students

随着新高考改革的持续推进,专业在高考升学选择中的影响愈发重要,也对用以高考志愿填报的信息支持提出更高要求,而信息支持的缺乏会给县中学生带来“信息鸿沟”挑战。本文针对贵州某县级市高三学生开展一项关于医学与师范专业的信息干预实验,探究信息干预对县中学生专业选择的影响。研究发现,县域内低社会经济地位学生对医学和师范专业具有显著偏好。针对专业的招生优惠政策、积极就业前景等收益信息能显著提升县中学生的专业选择意愿,信息干预效应在4.5%。同时,信息干预具有异质性影响,对初始专业选择意愿较低学生以及低社会经济地位学生的干预效果更强。此外,县中学生容易受片面限制信息的影响而做出“错误”判断。研究结果证实,在学生高考升学的关键决策节点为其提供有关专业的完备信息具有重要意义,也为县中开展高质量生涯教育、提升学生信息素养以及畅通“大中衔接”的升学信息通道提供有益参考。

As the new Gaokao reform continues to advance,the influence of majors in the college choices is becoming more important.It also puts forward a higher demand for the information support used to fill in students'college application,which brings the challenge of“information gap”to the county high school students.In this paper,we conducted an information intervention experiment on medical and education majors for senior high school students in a county-level city in Guizhou to investigate the impact of information intervention on the major choices of county high school students.The study found that students with low socioeconomic status had significant preferences for medical and education majors.Beneficial information such as enrollment preferential policies and positive employment prospects for majors significantly enhanced county high school students'willingness to choose majors,with an information intervention effect at 4.5%.At the same time,information intervention had a heterogeneous effect,with a stronger effect on students with lower initial major choice intention as well as students with low socioeconomic status.In addition,county high school students were prone to make“wrong”judgments under the influence of onesided restrictive information.The results of this study confirmed the importance of providing students with complete information about their majors at the critical decision-making point of Gaokao.It also provided useful references for the development of highquality career education,the enhancement of students'information literacy,and the smooth flow of information channel about college choices between high schools and universities.