不同定干处理对‘阿森泰克’苹果树体生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Cutting Back Treatments on the Growth Development of‘Ascenteke'Apple

以三年生‘阿森泰克’苹果幼树为试验材料,采用不同短截方法,针对主干延长枝的不同粗度,研究不同短截处理对苹果树主干长度、主干粗度、主干延长枝长度及主干延长枝粗度增长率、萌芽率、成枝力等性状的影响,找出最适短截方法,以期为苹果幼树高纺锤形树形快速培养提供参考依据。结果表明:短截程度越大,枝条萌芽率和短枝率越低、成枝力和中长枝率越高;对7~10 mm(不包括10 mm)的主干延长枝而言,T1处理对其主干长度、主干粗度、主干延长枝长度及粗度的增长有明显的促进作用,T2和T3处理出现了一定的负面效果,对10~13 mm(不包括13 mm)和13~16 mm(不包括16 mm)的主干延长枝进行短截处理后发现,T6和T9处理分别对其主干长度、主干粗度、主干延长枝长度及粗度增长率的促进作用最强;主成分分析后的排名显示,主干延长枝粗度为7~10 mm(不包括10 mm)时,T1处理排名第1位,粗度为10~13 mm(不包括13 mm)时,T6处理排名第1位,粗度为13~16 mm(不包括16 mm)时,T9处理排名第1位。综上所述,主干延长枝粗度为7~10 mm(不包括10 mm)时,1/4短截处理效果最好,主干延长枝粗度为10~16 mm(不包括16 mm)时,1/2短截处理效果最好。

The 3-year-old'Ascenteke'apple saplings were used as experimental materials,and different cutting back methods were used to study the effects of different cutting back treatments on the trunk length,trunk diameter,trunk extension branch length and trunk extension branch diameter growth rate,germination rate,branching ability and other traits of apple,in order to find out the most suitable cutting back method,and provide reference for the rapid culture of high spindle tree shape of apple saplings.The results showed that the greater the degree of cutting back,the lower the germination rate and short branch rate of branches,the higher the branching force and medium-long branch rate;for 7-10 mm(not including 10 mm)trunk extension branches,T1 treatment had a significant promoting effect on the growth of trunk length,trunk diameter,trunk extension branch length and diameter,while T2 and T3 treatments had a certain negative effect.After cutting back treatments of 10-13 mm(not including 13 mm)and 13-16 mm(not including 16 mm)trunk extension branches,it was found that T6 and T9 treatments had the strongest promoting effect on the growth rate of trunk length,trunk diameter,trunk extension branch length and diameter,respectively.The ranking results after principal component analysis showed that T1 treatment ranked first when the trunk extension branch diameter was 7-10 mm(excluding 10 mm),T6 treatment ranked first when the trunk extension branch diameter was 10-13 mm(excluding 13 mm);and T9 treatment ranked first when the trunk extension branch diameter was 13-16 mm(excluding 16 mm).In summary,when the diameter of the main extended branch was 7-10 mm(excluding 10 mm),the 1/4 cutting back treatment had the best effect,and when the diameter of the main extended branch was 10-16 mm(excluding 16 mm),the 1/2 cutting back treatment had the best effect.