目的地依恋研究述评:理论框架与研究展望

Literature Review of Destination Attachment:Theoretical Framework and Research Prospects

文章对国内外986篇目的地依恋相关文献进行综述,在文献统计分析的基础上梳理了目的地依恋的相关理论演进、概念界定和研究主题等。在消费关系导向下,文章构建了旅游者视角的目的地依恋研究框架,揭示了目的地依恋的基本影响因素、形成逻辑与结果效应,并提出6个未来值得研究的主题:1)完善旅游者视角的目的地依恋研究框架;2)探索非惯常情境下目的地依恋的形成过程与规律;3)揭示旅游者自我概念变化对目的地依恋的影响;4)动态描述目的地依恋形成的阶段特征;5)探讨旅游者对不同目的地类型的感知差异及目的地依恋的形成机理;6)开展数字时代的目的地依恋研究。该研究将有助于深入理解目的地依恋的本质和影响因素,为旅游目的地提供管理和决策参考。

The concept of attachment was initially proposed by the renowned psychoanalyst John Bowlby to elucidate the profound emotional bond between a mother and her child.This theory has progressively garnered attention among various disciplines and produced numerous research findings.Such theories as brand attachment,place attachment,and adult attachment have emerged.In the field of tourism,some researchers apply place attachment theory to investigate the attachment between tourists and destinations,which arises from tourists’involvement in tourism activities and satisfying experiences.From the perspective of adult attachment theory,some scholars have examined the attachment between tourists and destination residents or service personnel through interpersonal interaction and communication;they have investigated how this attachment influences such aspects as value co-creation,civic behavior,and revisiting intentions.Several studies have adopted the framework of brand attachment theory to focus on tourists’consumption experience at a destination.Those investigations have revealed that tourists utilize consumer objects and symbols consistent with their self-concept to express themselves or showcase their values.Several issues deserve consideration in research into destination attachment.First,tourists’shortterm visits to destinations differ significantly from the experience of long-term residents.However,many studies on destination attachment still apply the concept of place attachment to examine the emotional connection between tourists and destinations.Second,analyzing tourists’attachment to destinations based on self-congruity theory ignores the influence of tourists’self-concept changes in unfamiliar environments.Consumption characteristics such as high opportunity cost and low repeatability affect their psychology and behavior.It is debatable whether self-congruity can be applied to explain destination attachment.Third,studying the attachment between tourists and destinations using adult attachment theory neglects the distinction between acquaintance societies and stranger societies.In unfamiliar environments,tourists’attachment to destinations building through host-guest interactions and social communication differs from residents’place attachment formed through dailylife communication or kinship in familiar settings.In conclusion,it is imperative to consolidate previous research and establish a theoretical framework while identifying current issues and future directions for destination attachment research.The present study reviewed 986 papers on destination attachment from China and overseas.Using bibliometric analysis,we investigated theoretical evolution,conceptual definitions,and the formation of destination attachment.Accordingly,we propose an analytic framework of destination attachment based on consumptive,human-land,and social relationships,and reveal the influencing factors,formation logic,and outcome effects of destination attachment.We identified the following as future research topics:1)enhancing a conceptual and research framework for destination attachment from the tourists’perspective based on consumer relationships;2)investigating the formation process and rules of destination attachment in unusual environments;3)uncovering the impact of changes in tourists’selfconcept on the development of destination attachment;4)dynamically describing the stage characteristics involved in forming destination attachment;5)examining how different perceptions among tourists toward various destination types affect the formation mechanism of destination attachment;and 6)conducting research on destination attachment in the digital age.