鄱阳湖流域极端暴雨洪水防御对策探讨

Discussion on prevention countermeasures for extreme rainstorm flood in the Poyang Lake basin

鄱阳湖流域雨量丰沛,暴雨洪水灾害频繁,给经济社会发展带来挑战。综合分析鄱阳湖流域历史上发生的极端暴雨洪水事件,并与郑州“7·20”特大暴雨、海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水进行对比分析,总结鄱阳湖流域防御极端暴雨洪水的现有举措,检视存在的短板弱项。借鉴海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水防御经验,提出加快构建雨水情监测预报“三道防线”、强化流域性大洪水应急测报能力建设、加强流域防洪“四预”能力建设、建立水文部门超标准洪水测报预案及加快流域超标准洪水防御预案的修订与动态调整等防御对策。

The Poyang Lake basin experiences abundant rainfall and frequent catastrophic rainstorm floods,posing challenges to economic and social development.By comprehensively analyzing historical extreme rainstorm flood events in the Poyang Lake basin and comparing them with the“7·20”heavy rainstorm in Zhengzhou and the“23·7”basin-wide severe flood in the Haihe River basin,this study summarizes the current measures in place for defending against extreme rainstorm floods in the Poyang Lake basin and identifies existing shortcomings.Drawing on the prevention experiences of the“23·7”basin-wide severe flood in the Haihe River basin,this paper proposes several countermeasures for improving flood defense in the Poyang Lake basin:accelerating the construction of“three defense lines”for monitoring and forecasting rainfall and flood conditions,enhancing the capacity for emergency response to basin-wide large floods,strengthening the“four pre”capabilities,establishing a contingency plan for monitoring and forecasting extraordinary floods by the hydrological departments,and reinforcing the revision and dynamic adjustment of the basin’s extraordinary flood defense plan.