湖南西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区鸟类群落及物种多样性

Bird communities and species diversity in Hunan West Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve

为进一步了解湖南西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区鸟类群落及物种多样性,2013—2020年,采取分区直数法对保护区鸟类资源进行监测,分析了群落的基本特征和多样性指数。结果表明:湖南西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区鸟类资源丰富,共记录到226种鸟类,其中雀形目鸟类物种数量最多;鸟类的种类及个体数量逐渐增加。保护区鸟类组成以水鸟为主。该保护区作为重要的冬候鸟迁徙通道,不同季节鸟类多样性变化显著。夏季鸟类种类和数量少,多样性高;冬季鸟类种类和数量多,多样性低。不同季节不同生境中鸟类多样性也存在明显变化。夏季,不同生境的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数排序为树林>芦苇丛>泥滩>湖泊;冬季则为树林>泥滩>芦苇丛>湖泊。研究区域内捕鱼、放牧等干扰鸟类栖息和觅食的情况较为严重,建议进一步加强鸟类保护工作。本研究对湖南西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性的监测、保护管理和栖息地修复等工作提供了实践依据。

In order to further understand the bird community and species diversity in Hunan West Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve,the bird resources in the reserve were monitored by the zoning direct number method from 2013 to 2020,and the basic characteristics and diversity index of the community were analyzed.The results showed that the bird resources in Hunan West Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve were abundant.A total of 226 species of birds were recorded from 2013 to 2020,of which Passeriformes had the largest number of species.The number of bird species and individuals gradually increased.The bird composition of the reserve was dominated by water birds.As an important migration channel for winter migratory birds,the diversity of birds in different seasons had changed significantly.In summer,the species and quantity of birds were less,and the diversity was high.In winter,bird species and quantity were more,but the diversity was low.There were also significant changes in bird diversity in different habitats in different seasons.In summer,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of different habitats was ranked as forest>reed>mudflat>lake;in winter,it was forest>mudflat>reed>lake.In the study area,there were still serious disturbances in bird habitat and foraging,such as fishing and grazing.It was recommended to further strengthen bird protection.This study provided a practical basis for the monitoring and protection of bird diversity in Hunan West Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve.