局部热处理对2种常见储粮害虫(书虱)的杀虫效果

The insecticidal effect of local heat treatment on two common stored-grain pests(booklice)

以粮食及食品加工厂场所或设备局部空间为对象,研究局部热处理对2种储粮害虫(嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱)的杀灭效果。利用金属置物架搭建1 m×1 m×2 m模拟局部空间,空间内部不同高度距离设置1 m×1 m薄金属板模拟设备内部构造,采用适当尺寸的隔热帐幕密闭,通过可调节功率的暖风机加热空气形成热空气热源,热源分别以下行和上行送风方式进行热处理,在热处理空间上、中、下层设置虫笼、温湿度传感器,分析热处理空间温度分布、书虱死亡率。结果发现:工业暖风机作为热源对局部空间温度有调节作用,空间部位的温度与空间位置、处理时间、热源输送方式密切相关。储粮害虫嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱对热敏感,设置下行送风方式,以功率3000 W处理10 min即可杀死分布在空间上层各处的2种书虱成虫。随着目标与热源距离的延长,延长热处理时间至30 min同样可杀死空间中层各处的2种书虱成虫。若目标位置距离热源较远,增加暖风机功率、延长处理时间或缩短热源传送距离可有效提升热处理杀虫效果。

Taking the local space of grain and food processing plant or equipment as the object,the killing effect of local heat treatment on two kinds of stored grain pests(Liposcelis bostrychophila and Liposcelis entomophila)was studied.A 1 m×1 m×2 m simulated local space was built with a metal shelf.A 1 m×1 m thin metal plate was set at different heights and distances inside the space to simulate the internal structure of the equipment.It was sealed with a heat insulation tent of appropriate size.The air was heated by a fan with adjustable power to form a hot air heat source.The heat source was heat treated in the downward and upward air supply modes respectively.Insect cages and temperature and humidity sensors were set at the upper,middle and lower layers of the heat treatment space to analyze the temperature distribution and the mortality of booklice in the heat treatment space.The results showed that the industrial air heater could adjust the local space temperature as a heat source,and the temperature of the space was closely related to the space location,processing time,and heat source transmission mode.The stored grain insects,the Liposcelis bostrychophila and Liposcelis entomophila were sensitive to heat.Setting downward air supply mode,heat treatment with power of 3000 W for 10 min could kill the two kinds of booklice adults distributed in the upper layer of the space.With the extension of the distance between the target and the heat source,extending the heat treatment time to 30 min could also kill two kinds of booklice adults in the middle of the space.If the target position was far away from the heat source,increasing the power of the heater,prolonging the processing time or shortening the heat source transmission distance can effectively improve the insecticidal effect of heat treatment.