非药物方法预防阿尔茨海默病研究进展

Advance in non-pharmacological interventions for preventing Alzheimer's disease

目前针对阿尔茨海默病(AD)修饰治疗作用的药物仍非常稀少,因此预防AD认知功能下降和痴呆的非药物干预方法日益引起广泛关注。非药物干预方法可以通过改变人脑的结构、电生理和葡萄糖代谢等来促进AD认知的维持和改善。文章主要从良好的生活方式、正念疗法、认知训练、光照疗法和神经调控方面对AD患者的主观记忆能力、客观记忆功能、整体认知水平和情绪等的影响展开论述,从而说明非药物干预对预防AD的重要意义。目前AD发病机制尚不清楚,淀粉样变性、神经免疫、神经炎症和氧化应激等各种假说被认为与AD的发病机制有关。因此,针对危险因素和发病机制的多靶点的治疗方式可能对AD预防策略更为有利。

Drugs targeting Alzheimer's disease(AD)are still scarce at present,therefore,nonpharmacological interventions(NPIs)for preventing cognitive decline and dementia have attracted increasing attention.NPIs can promote cognitive maintenance and improvement via changing brain structure,electrophysiology and glucose metabolism and so on.In this paper influences of good lifestyle,mindfulness therapy,cognitive training,light therapy and neuromodulation on subjective memory ability,objective memory function,overall cognitive level and emotion of AD patients are discussed so as to illustrate the significance of NPIs in the prevention of AD.At present the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear,various hypotheses such as amyloidosis,neuro-immunization,neuroinflammation,and oxidative stress have been suggested to be related to pathogenesis of AD.Therefore,multiple targeting points therapeutic interventions aiming at risk factors and mechanism may be more beneficial to AD prevention.