月球资源勘测与原位利用进展及关键挑战

Progress and Key Challenges of Lunar Resource Exploration and In-situ Utilization

月面建造是人类探测、利用、开发月球的发展方向。围绕月面建造中用什么建、怎么建等关键问题,梳理了月球资源勘测与原位利用方向的研究进展。首先总结了面向月面原位资源利用的主要支撑技术,包括月壤特性分析、模拟月壤制备、月壤原位成型等关键技术;其次,介绍了月球基地智能建造进展,包括月面建筑方案的构想发展历程、原位建造技术对比、月球基地建造环境分析等;最后,总结了月球资源原位利用及月球基地建造在资源勘测、建造科学选址、月基承载安全、原位熔融成型、太空建造方案等方面的关键科学挑战。

Lunar construction(LC)is one of the important future directions of human exploration,utilization,and development of the Moon.This paper reviews the research progress of LC and in-situ resource utilization(ISRU),focusing on the key basic science issues including what materials to use and how to build.First,the main supporting technologies for ISRU on the lunar surface are summarized,including lunar soil property analysis,lunar soil simulant preparation,and lunar soil in-situ additive manufacturing technologies.Second,the progress of the intelligent construction of the lunar base is introduced,including the development of the lunar base construction scheme,the comparison of in-situ construction technology,and the analysis of the lunar base construction environment.Finally,the key scientific challenges of LC and ISRU are discussed,including resource exploration,scientific site selection,lunar base bearing safety,lunar soil melting and sintering,and space construction schemes.