有机肥增强植物磷素吸收利用机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of phosphorus absorption and utilization enhanced by organic fertilizer

磷素对植物的正常生长发育极为重要,但由于土壤中固有的磷形态生物有效性低,植物磷素吸收能力弱,导致磷素利用率低。有机肥施用能有效增强植物的磷素吸收利用能力,但其背后的原因错综复杂。综述了有机肥施用如何增加土壤磷素有效性以及增强植物对磷素的吸收能力的机制,并重点强调了在此过程中微生物的重要作用。有机肥通过改变土壤吸附特性、团聚体形成以及微生物代谢活动增加土壤磷素有效性;通过调节根际微生物与植物根系间的关系促进根系生长、改变根系形态,从而增强磷素吸收能力,是以“碳”为核心的植物-微生物-土壤互作的连续体。

Phosphorus is extremely important for the normal growth and development of plants,but due to the low bioavailability of phosphorus forms inherent in the soil,the weak phosphorus uptake capacity of plants leads to low phosphorus utilization.Organic fertilizer application can effectively enhance the phosphorus uptake and utilization capacity of plants,but the reasons behind this are intricate.This review examines the mechanisms of how organic fertilizer application increases soil phosphorus effectiveness and enhances plant phosphorus uptake capacity,and highlights the important role of microorganisms in this process.Organic fertilizers increase soil phosphorus effectiveness by altering soil adsorption properties,aggregate formation and microbial metabolic activities;promote root growth and enhance phosphorus uptake by regulating the relationship between inter-root microorganisms and plant roots;and alter root morphology to enhance phosphorus uptake,which is a continuum of plant-microorganism-soil interactions with“carbon”as the nucleus.