村级小微权力监督何以乏力:原因剖析与治理策略——基于地方廉洁创新实践的多案例比较分析

Why is the Supervision of Village-level Micro-power Insufficient:An Analysis of Causes and Governance Strategies——Comparative Analysis of Multiple Cases Based on Local Integrity Innovation Practices

农村腐败问题频发,反映出村级小微权力监督的乏力。村级小微权力是村级组织及其管理人员对村级事务与资源进行处置或分配的权力,由基层自治权、行政管理权和党的领导权三种不同属性的权力构成。村级小微权力在实际运行环节存在的权力不对称、责任不对称、信息不对称问题,是导致监督乏力的深层原因。有效监督村级小微权力,应在权力型监督模式基础上,充分发挥权利型监督在平衡责任不对称问题方面的积极作用,同时引入技术要素提升监督效率,构建起“权力—权利—技术”的多要素、立体化监督模式。通过比较分析地方廉洁创新的典型案例,可以发现,权利要素或技术要素与权力型监督模式的结合有助于增强村级小微权力监督效能。明确权力主体职责、激活村民监督积极性、提高权力公开透明度的地方廉洁创新共性经验,为有效监督村级小微权力提供了重要政策启示。

The frequent occurrence of corruption in rural areas reflects the weakness of the supervision of village-level micro-power.Village-level micro-power refers to the authority of village organizations and their management personnel to handle or allocate village affairs and resources,comprising three distinct attributes of power:grassroots autonomy,administrative management,and party leadership.The asymmetry of power,responsibility,and information in the operation of village-level micro-power is the main cause of the weakness in supervision.Effective supervision of village-level micro-power should be based on the power-type supervision model,fully leveraging the positive role of rights-type supervision in balancing the asymmetry of responsibility,and introducing technological elements to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the supervision process,thus constructing a multi-element,three-dimensional supervision model of“power-rights-technology”.Through comparative analysis of local integrity innovation cases,we have found that the combination of rights elements or technological elements with the power-type supervision model helps to enhance the effectiveness of supervision of village-level micro-power.The common experiences of local integrity innovation practices,including clarifying the responsibilities of power subjects,activating the enthusiasm of villagers supervision,and improving the transparency of power,provide important policy insights for the effective supervision of village-level micro-power.