中国铷铯资源、提取技术与开发利用研究

Research on Rubidium and Cesium Resources,Extraction Technology,Development,and Utilization in China

铷、铯具有优异的物理化学性能,不仅在电子器件、催化剂、特种玻璃等传统领域中,在高科技新兴应用领域也有广泛的用途。我国铷、铯资源相对丰富,类型多样,不仅有固体矿,而且还有液体矿。本文介绍了国内铷铯资源、提取技术及特点、资源开发利用现状。国内铷铯资源以固体矿为主,铷、铯的储量分别为116万t(Rb_(2)O)和14万t(C_(s_(2))O)。利用酸法从固体矿提取铷铯已实现工业化,萃取法和离子交换法在液体矿上更具有应用前途。广东天堂山铷矿开发项目在近年来备受关注。指出盐湖及地下卤水中的铷铯资源更具发展潜力,建议加强国内铷铯资源调查、勘查和低品位固体矿、液体矿资源综合提取技术攻关,拓宽铷铯产品新性能和应用领域。

Rubidium and cesium have excellent physicochemical properties and are widely used in traditional applications,including electronic devices,catalysts,and special glass,and emerging high-tech applications.Cesium and rubidium resources in China are relatively abundant and of various types,including solid and liquid minerals.This study focused on domestic rubidium and cesium resources,extraction technology and characteristics,and the current situation of resource development and utilization.Domestic rubidium-cesium resources are primarily solid ores,with reserves of rubidium and cesium in the forms of Rb_(2)O and C_(s_(2))O amounting to 1.16 million and 140000 tons,respectively.The extraction of rubidium-cesium from solid ores using the acid method has been industrialized,and the extraction and ion-exchange methods hold promise for liquid ore application.Recently,the rubidium mine,in Tiantangshan,Guangdong Province,a development project has attracted increasing attention.Rubidium and cesium resources in salt lakes and underground brines have more development potential,indicating the need to strengthen domestic rubidium-cesium resource investigation,surveys,comprehensive extraction technology research and development for low-grade solid and liquid ore resources,and broadening the rubidium-cesium products regarding new performance and application areas.