诉权保护维度下检察机关支持起诉制度论析

Research on the optimization path of procuratorial support prosecution system under the dimension of prosecution right protection

检察机关支持起诉制度的理论渊源是《民事诉讼法》中的支持起诉原则以及检察机关的法律监督职能。当前,检察机关支持起诉实践已经突破固有的制度目的,导致理论与实践不符。在诉权保护维度下,应明确检察机关支持起诉制度存在程序与实体上的双重目的,程序目的是要促进诉权行使的实质平等,实体目的则是要满足原告权利的实现。为此,检察机关在办理支持起诉案件时,原则上应当依申请审查原告是否存在诉权行使的障碍因素,在特殊条件下也可依职权展开行动。同时,检察机关支持原告的起诉范围应当涵盖全部诉讼权利。另外,应根据穷尽救济原则理顺检察机关支持起诉制度与法律援助制度及律师代理制度的衔接关系。

The theoretical origin of the system of prosecutorial support for prosecution is the principle of support for prosecution in the Civil Procedure Law,as well as the legal supervisory function of the procuratorial authorities.Currently,the practice of prosecutorial support for prosecution has broken through the inherent institutional purpose,resulting in a discrepancy between theory and practice.Therefore,in the right to protect the dimension,we should be clear that the procuratorial organs to support the prosecution system exists in the procedure and the entity of the two-tier purpose:the procedural purpose is to promote the exercise of the right to substantive equality and the entity purpose is to meet the realization of the rights of the plaintiff.To this end,when handling cases of support for prosecution,the procuratorial authorities should,in principle,examine,on application,whether there are any obstacles to the exercise of the plaintiff’s right of action,and may,under special conditions,take action ex officio.At the same time,the scope of prosecutorial support for the plaintiff’s action should cover all litigation rights.In addition,the relationship between the system of support for prosecution by the procuratorial authorities and the systems of legal aid and representation by lawyers should be streamlined in accordance with the principle of exhaustion of remedies.