小麦宽苗带高速排种系统设计与试验

Design and test of high speed seeding system for wheat wide seedling belt

为改善小麦宽苗带播种与玉米轮作种植质量,开发一种与轮作种植相配套的宽苗带小麦播种农艺,并根据新开发农艺的要求,设计一种小麦宽苗带高速排种器。对其关键结构参数进行理论分析,建立确定排种器参数所需的理论数学模型。借助离散元仿真软件,确定该排种器的结构参数。对所设计的小麦宽苗带播种系统进行台架试验,结果表明,其播种总排量稳定性变异系数、各行排量一致性变异系数和种子破碎率均满足国家要求,试验测得苗带平均宽度为12 cm,与理论设计宽度相符合。开展田间试验并利用Design-Expert对试验所得数据进行回归建模与方差分析,利用建立的优化模型对回归方程进行分析。当排种轮转速为40 r/min、机具作业速度为10 km/h时,样机的行间排量一致性变异系数最小为1.69%,苗带分布合格率达到95.1%。

In order to improve the quality of wheat wide seedling belt sowing and corn rotation planting,a new agronomy of wide seedling belt wheat sowing matching with corn rotation planting was developed,and a high‑speed metering device of wheat wide seedling belt was designed according to the requirements of newly developed agronomy.The key structural parameters were analyzed theoretically,and the theoretical model of parameter determination was established.With the help of discrete element simulation software,the structural parameters of the seed metering device were determined.The bench test of the designed wheat wide seedling belt sowing system was carried out.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the total seeding displacement stability,the coefficient of variation of each row displacement consistency and the seed breakage rate all met the national requirements.The average width of the seedling belt measured in the test was 12 cm,which was consistent with the theoretical design width.The field experiment was carried out,and the regression modeling and variance analysis of the experimental data were carried out by Design-Expert.The regression equation was analyzed by using the established optimization model.The results showed that when the rotation speed of the metering wheel was 40 r/min and the operation speed of the machine was 10 km/h,the minimum coefficient of variation of the inter‑row displacement consistency of the prototype was 1.69%and the qualified rate of the seedling belt distribution reached 95.1%.