子夏“学”论发微

An Analysis of Zixia’s Theory of“Learning”

儒家重“学”传统自孔子始,子夏作为孔子高徒尤重于“学”,其“学”论全面继承和发展了孔子之“学”。子夏论“学”在“学”之目标上,强调“学以致道”,通过“学”来提升自己进而影响社会;在“学”之途径上,提出“博学而笃志,切问而近思”的学习途径;在“学”之内容上,主张学习经书以及现实中的各种礼仪法度。在儒家“尊德性”与“道问学”的两种修养路径之间,子夏的“学”论主要深化了孔子通过“学”以致其“道”的“道问学”的这一理路,后又为荀子所进一步发展。从“学”之目标、对象、过程上看,荀子同于子夏,更注重外在实践的“为学”的理论,由此奠定了其在孔子与荀子之间承上启下的重要思想地位。

The Confucian tradition of emphasizing“learning”stems from Confucius.Zixia,a senior disciple of Confucius’,paid much attention to“learning”,and his theory of“learning”is the fruit of his comprehensively inheriting and developing that of Confucius.In terms of the goal of“learning”,Zixia’s theory of“learning”emphasizes“learning leads to Dao”which means through“learning”,one could improve himself or herself and further influence the society;in terms of the way of“learning”,he proposes“broad learning and firm purpose,inquiring closely and thinking quietly”;in terms of the content of“learning”,he advocates learning scriptures and rites and laws in society.Between the two cultivation pathways of“respecting virtue”and“learning for Dao”,Zixia’s theory of“learning”mainly deepens the latter which means“learning”is to achieve“Dao”,which is further developed by Xunzi.In terms of the goal,object,and process of“learning”,Zixia holds the similar belief to that of Xunzi that focuses more on practice,which makes this thought a significant bridge between Confucius and Xunzi.