公路边坡绿化造林生态修复群落结构的评价研究

Evaluation Study on the Community Structure of Ecological Restoration for Highway Slope Greening and Afforestation

公路开拓通常形成裸露的山体边坡,这些受损的山体边坡,岩石裸露,土壤缺乏,成为造林特别困难的立地。本研究采用开凿小平台、植生袋围堰造坑、厚层基材喷播绿化和植树造林的技术系列工艺进行公路边坡绿化造林的森林化生态修复。经11年的生长和自然演替,结果表明,绿化造林的森林化边坡与周边的自然地形和森林景观交相融合,植物群落的结构也比较相似,具有乔灌草复合的垂直结构,乔灌草综合的群落相似度系数为0.5307,其中乔木层群落的相似度系数为0.7071,灌木层群落的相似度系数为0.3354,草本层群落的相似度系数0.5461,绿化造林边坡的植被已趋近自然。随着时间的推移和自然演替的进程,群落的相似度将进一步提高。研究认为,森林化边坡营造的关键是植生袋围堰造坑和充分利用周边林地表土种子库在厚层基材喷播基质中的应用。

Construction of highway often leads to the formation of exposed mountain slopes,which,with their exposed rock and lack of soil,become particularly difficult sites for afforestation.In this study,a series of technological processes,including small platform excavation,planting bag cofferdam pits,thick substrate spraying,and afforestation,were employed to carry out forest ecological restoration of Highroad slope afforestation.After 11years of growth and natural succession,the results showed that the afforested slope became more integrated with the surrounding natural terrain and forest landscape,with a plant community structure that was similar.The community similarity coefficient was 0.5307,with a similarity coefficient of0.7071 in the tree layer,0.3354 in the shrub layer,and 0.5461 in the herbaceous layer.The vegetation of the afforested slope has approached a natural state,and the similarity of the community is expected to improve further with the passage of time and the natural succession process.The research indicates that the key to the construction of forested slopes is the creation of planting bag cofferdam pits and the effective use of the surrounding forest topsoil seed bank within the thick substrate.